The Effects Of Bright Light Therapy On Improvement Of...

The Effects of Bright Light Therapy on Improvement of Postpartum Depression Significance of Problem Estimates of the prevalence of postpartum depression range from 13% to 19% (O Hara McCabe, 2013). However, major depressive episodes may go undiagnosed in 65% of pregnant women ( (Ko, Farr, Dietz, Robbins, 2012). It is important for pregnant women and new mothers to undergo depression screening to be diagnosed and treated early if they are experiencing any symptoms of depression. Depression during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of inadequate nutrition, poor weight gain, inadequate prenatal care, preterm birth, surgical birth and low birth weight babies (Wirz-Justice, et al., 2011). The newborns have a higher rate of neonatal intensive care admissions and increased risk of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorders (Wirz-Justice, et al., 2011). The current methods of treatment for postpartum depression include antidepressant medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants, and/or psychotherapy. However, there is a certain amount of risk when taken during pregnancy and lactation. These medications are a pregnancy category C and SSRIs, have been shown to have a slight risk of heart and lung birth defects (Reefhuis, Devine, Friedman, Louik, Honein, 2015). In breastfeeding mothers, all psychiatric medications are secreted in breastmilk, and someShow MoreRelatedDifferent Methods Of Preventing Vitamin D Deficiency And Seasonal Affective Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorder is a mood disorder characterized by depression, which occurs around the same time every year (Partonen, 1998). It is hypothesized that being deficient in vitamin D is a reason for having seasonal affective disorder. We have researched four different methods of preventing vitamin D deficiency and seasonal affective disorder. The most used methods of achieving adequate vitamin D levels were found to be indoor tanning, natural light, light the rapy and vitamin D supplementation. This researchRead MoreMedical Test with Answers Essay example16933 Words   |  68 Pages Obtain early treatment with antiviral agents to prevent cardiac manifestations. The client should look for the early signs of localized Lyme disease known as erythema migrans, a skin lesion that slowly expands to form a large round lesion with a bright red border and clear center (B) at the site of the tick bite. A tick should be removed with tweezers by pulling straight from its insertion away from the skin, and not compressing its body or covering it with oil (A). Lyme disease is caused by theRead MoreComprehensive 1 Essay18452 Words   |  74 Pages  Obtain early treatment with antiviral agents to prevent cardiac manifestations. The client should look for the early signs of localized Lyme disease known as erythema migrans, a skin lesion that slowly expands to form a large round lesion with a bright red border and clear center (B) at the site of the tick bite. A tick should be removed with tweezers by pulling straight from its insertion away from the skin, and not compressing its body or covering it with oil (A). Lyme disease is caused by the

Essay on The Development Relief and Education for Alien...

Undocumented students are unable to further their education after completing the public education system. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) was created by a proposal to cease penalizing children of illegal immigrants who were brought over to the United States by their parents at an early age. The DREAM Act includes many requirements that are necessary to be considered an applicant. The DREAM Act must be implemented in order to provide hard-working individuals greater opportunities, due to the fact that undocumented students are discriminated by cause of their illegal status. Over sixty-five thousand undocumented high school students graduate each year. Many undocumented students drop out of high†¦show more content†¦In addition to attending college, they must serve two years in the armed forces. The DREAM Act helps provide undocumented students financial assistance when attending college. Being undocumented presents many challenges i n education. Undocumented students face many obstacles throughout their lives because of their undocumented status. Being undocumented allows many people to discriminate against illegal individuals (Jones 1). Limits are put on undocumented students leaving them with a lower quality of education. Illegal immigrants are being driven out of the country, leaving the United States suffering economically (Peà ±a 1). Deportation is being summoned in order to try and repair the economic downfall of the United States. Undocumented students live with constant fear of being deported at any given time (Jones 1). They are unaware of how long they will be able to stay in the education system. Undocumented students do not possess the same rights as documented citizens (Jones 1). Many of the students are unable to afford college because they are not allowed to pay in-state tuitions. Immigrants are being forced out of their jobs (Peà ±a 1). Lacking an income, students are unable to afford going to college. Undocumented students cannot acquire any form of federal aid unlike citizens (Palacios 1). They have difficulties moving forward academically. Not being able to attend college after high school prevents students from being able toShow MoreRelatedThe Dream Act ( Development, Relief And Education For Alien Minors974 Words   |  4 Pagescountry, whether through the economy, education, work, or military services. Immigrants continue to move to the US so that they can live better lives. The DREAM ACT is very important and it should be pass to give opportunities these illegal children. The DREAM ACT (Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors) is proposed legislation that allows young and high achieving illegal immigrants to serve in the US military, and continue with higher education. This action will open opportunities forRead MoreThe Debate On Immigration Reform958 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: Until the bill passed, much of the debate surrounding the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors, or DREAM Act, brought about legal, ethical, and logistical concerns. Illegal immigration and the population unauthorized alien in the United States were key issues in the ongoing debate on immigration reform. However, the benefits of this bill outweighed its disadvantages. Immigration policies in the United States concerning undocumented workers are strict and direct. EmployersRead MoreImmigration And Illegal Immigration1106 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants relocate to the United States annually (Storesletten, 2000). US Customs and Border Control offici als, have witnessed a significant increase in the number of â€Å"unaccompanied alien minors† from Latin America, anticipating 75,000 minors (if not more) from 2016 to 2017 (Rush, 2016). The average age for â€Å"unaccompanied alien minors† is 11 years old, of which more than a third are girls (NCSL, 2014). Children who migrate to the United States at a young age face challenges such as; school enrollment, obtainingRead MoreEffects Of The Printing Press1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act is a controversial initiative in the United States that grants minor immigrants residency in the country and ensures that their educational needs are met. While the act has claimed to be beneficial to a certain portion of the population, it is widely argued that the program’s cost-effectiveness and societal effects have been unproven since its inception, and therefore; an alternative program is needed to fulfill the gap . The followingRead Moreimmigration debate920 Words   |  4 Pagesenactment of the DREAM Act. Republicans however have strongly opposed it and have left little hope for any reform for illegal immigrants. However not passing the DREAM Act and stalling on reform for illegal immigrants is doing an injustice to these immigrants and most importantly to American citizens. Today many US citizens suffer from a depleting economy and anything that can help revive it should and must be done. I see the DREAM Act as a great opportunity to aid and provide relief to the economy. Read MoreThe DREAM Act Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesUS illegally by their parents when they were children, and have the status of an illegal immigrant. Despite the fact that these individuals have lived their entire lives in the US, this immigration status hinders their ability to obtain a higher education. Although an immigrant may have been residing in the state for years, they are not allowed to receive in-state tui tion for college and must pay the high out of state or the international student tuition instead. Due to the fact that they are illegalRead MoreEssay on Children Who Have a Dream900 Words   |  4 PagesDream Act bill was introduced to congress. Over the past ten years there has been a major conflict between Democrats, who are for passing of the bill, and Republicans, who are against passing this bill. This has lead to it always being defeated because it has not been able to receive the two-thirds majority vote that it needs to be passed. The most recent failed vote of this bill was December of 2010. The DREAM Act is also known as the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors. ThereRead MoreUndocumented Students From The United States1491 Words   |  6 Pagesconsideration, undocumented students are â€Å"foreign national individuals who entered the United States without inspection or with fraudulent documents.† There are programs to make it easier for und ocumented students to attain an education like the DREAM Act. Although the DREAM Act is in effect, this is still not enough for undocumented students to attend good colleges and get the same rights as a citizen of the United States. Undocumented students should live their life normally and get the same rightsRead MoreDream Act or Nightmare Act?1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, or DREAM Act of 2011, proposes to allow children of undocumented immigrants that were brought to the United States before their fifteenth birthday who have lived in America for at least five years straight to apply for permanent residency once they graduate from high school or achieve a GED. Conditionally, these children must be admitted into a college and complete a two-year degree or serve two years in the military. They must also beRead MoreAlien Minors Act921 Words   |  4 Pages The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act was introduc ed in 2001, with yet to be completely passed into law, and was created in order to allow current, former, and future undocumented high-school graduates and GED recipients to pursue a three-step pathway to gain U.S. citizenship through work, college, or the armed services. The first step of this plan regards the recipient’s conditional permanent residence, meaning they have residential status for up to eight years. Secondly, the

Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective Free Essays

Pakistan-Table A – Chronology of Important Events Pakistan Index Period Description ANCIENT EMPIRES ca. 2500-1600 B. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indus Valley culture ca. 1500-500 B. C. Migrations of Indo-Aryan- speaking tribes; the Vedic Age. ca. 563-483 B. C. Life of Siddartha Gautama–the Buddha; founding of Buddhism. ca. 321-180 B. C. Mauryan Empire; reign of Ashoka (r. ca. 274-236 B. C. ); spread of Buddhism. ca. 180 B. C. -A. D. 150 Saka dynasties in Indus Valley. ca. A. D. 78-ca. 200 Kushan Empire; Gandharan art flourishes. ca. A. D. 319-ca. 600 Gupta Empire; classical age in northern India. COMING OF ISLAM 711 Muhammad bin Qasim, an Arab general, conquers Sindh and incorporates it into Umayyad Caliphate. 1001-1030 Mahmud of Ghazni raids Indian subcontinent from Afghanistan. 1192 Muhammad of Ghor defeats Rajputs. 1206-1526 Delhi Sultanate. 1398 Timur destroys Delhi. THE MUGHAL PERIOD 1526 Babur defeats last Lodhi sultan in first Battle of Panipat, thus laying foundation of Mughal Empire. 1556 Akbar victorious in second Battle of Panipat. 1556-1605 Reign of Akbar. 1605-27 Reign of Jahangir; in 1612 East India Company opens first trading post (factory). 1628-58 Reign of Shah Jahan, builder of Taj Mahal. 1658-1707 Reign of Aurangzeb, last great Mughal ruler. 1707-1858 Lesser emperors; decline of Mughal Empire. BRITISH PERIOD 1757 Battle of Plassey and British victory over Mughal forces in Bengal; conventional date for beginning of British rule in India. 799-1839 Sikh kingdom established in Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. 1830s Institution of British education and other reform measures. 1838-42 First Anglo-Afghan War. 1843 British annex Sindh, Hyderabad, and Khairpur. 1845-49 Sikh Wars; British annex Punjab; Kashmir sold to Dogra Dynasty, to be ruled under British paramountcy. 1857-58 Uprising, variously known as Indian Mutiny, Sepoy Rebellion, and by Indian nationalists as First War of Independence. 858 East India Company dissolved; rule of India under British crown (the British Raj) begins; marks formal end of Mughal Empire. 1878-80 Second Anglo-Afghan War. 1885 Indian National Congress formed. 1893 Durand Line established as boundary between Afghanistan and British India. 1905 Partition of Bengal. 1906 All-India Muslim League founded. 1909 Morley-Minto Reforms establish separate electorates for Muslims. 911 Partition of Bengal annulled. 1916 Congress-Muslim League Pact (often referred to as Lucknow Pact) signed. 1919 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms; Third Anglo-Afghan War. 1935 Government of India Act of 1935. 1940 Muslim League adopts â€Å"Pakistan Resolution† demanding separate nation for Muslims of India. â€Å"Two Nations Theory† articulated by Muslim League leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others. 1946 August Muslim League observes â€Å"Direct Action Day. Widespread communal rioting spreads to many parts of India. 1947 June Legislation introduced in British Parliament calling for independence and partition of India; communal rioting and mass movements of po pulation begin, resulting in next months in 250,000 deaths and up to 24 million refugees. INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN 1947 August Partition of British India; India achieves independence and incorporates West Bengal and Assam; Pakistan is created and incorporates East Bengal (East Wing, or East Pakistan) and territory in the northwest (West Wing, or West Pakistan); Jinnah becomes governor general of Pakistan; Liaquat Ali Khan becomes prime minister. October Start of first Indo-Pakistani War over sovereignty of Kashmir. 1948 September Jinnah dies; Khwaja Nazimuddin becomes governor general. 1949 January United Nations-arranged cease- fire between Pakistan and India takes effect. 1951 October Liaquat assassinated; Nazimuddin becomes prime minister; Ghulam Mohammad becomes governor general. 1955 August Ghulam Mohammad resigns; succeeded by Iskander Mirza. October One Unit Plan establishes the four provinces of West Pakistan as one administrative unit. 1956 March Constitution adopted; Mirza becomes president. 1958 October Mirza abrogates constitution and declares martial law; Mirza sent into exile; Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA) General Mohammad Ayub Khan assumes presidency. 1965 August Start of second Indo-Pakistani War over Kashmir. 1969 March Martial law declared; Ayub Khan resigns; CMLA General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan ssumes presidency. 1970 July One Unit Plan abolished; four provinces reestablished in West Pakistan. December First general elections; Awami League under Mujib secures absolute majority in new National Assembly; West Pakistan-dominated government declines to convene assembly. 1971 March East Pakistan attempts to secede, beginning civil war; Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Mujib), imprisoned in West Pakistan, declared provisional president. April Formal declaration of independence of Bangladesh issued; Mujib named pres ident. December Pakistan launches preemptive air strikes against India; India invades East Pakistan; India recognizes Bangladesh; Pakistani military forces in East Pakistan surrender to Indian armed forces, marking Bangladeshi independence; Yahya Khan resigns; Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes CMLA and president. 1972 July Bhutto and India’s prime minister, Indira Gandhi, conclude Simla Agreement, adjusting 1949 cease-fire line between Pakistan and India and creating new line of control. 1973 August New constitution goes into effect; Bhutto becomes prime inister. 1976 February Pakistan and Bangladesh establish diplomatic relations. 1977 March General elections; massive victory by Bhutto’s party evokes widespread rioting and protest. July Army chief of staff, General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, appoints himself CMLA and proclaims martial law. 1978 September Mohammad Zia ul-Haq becomes nation’s sixth president, replacing Fazal Elahi Chaudhry. 1979 February Islamic penal code introduce d. April Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged. November Mob storms and burns down United States Embassy in Islamabad, killing two Americans and two Pakistani employees; United States cultural centers in Rawalpindi and Lahore also torched; attacks in response to Iranian-inspired rumors that United States citizens responsible for November 20 attack on Grand Mosque in Mecca. December Large-scale movements of Soviet troops and military equipment into Afghanistan. 1980 January United States president Jimmy Carter pledges military assistance to help Pakistan defend itself against Soviet hreat; Carter offers US$400 million, rejected by Zia as â€Å"peanuts. † 1983 August President Zia ul-Haq announces that martial law will be lifted in 1985 but warns that army will retain key role in future governments. 1985 January Non-Islamic banking abolished. February General elections held for National Assembly. March Mohammad Khan Junejo invited by Zia to form civilian cabinet. July Economy declared to be in conformity with Islam. 1986 Augu st Movement for the Restoration f Democracy (MRD) launches campaign against government, demanding new general elections; Benazir Bhutto arrested in Karachi. December New federal cabinet sworn into office by President Zia with Mohammad Khan Junejo continuing as prime minister. May Prime Minister Junejo expands federal government to include five new ministers and three new ministers of state; President Zia dismisses Junejo government, dissolves national and provincial assemblies, and orders new elections to be held within ninety days. August Zia, the United States mbassador to Pakistan, and top army officials killed in mysterious airplane crash near Bahawalpur in Punjab; Ghulam Ishaq Khan, chairman of Senate, sworn in as acting president; General Mirza Aslam Beg becomes chief of the army staff. October Salman Rushdie’s novel, The Satanic Verses, banned in Pakistan; joint United States- Pakistani investigatory committee concludes that Zia’s death was caused by â€Å"crim inal act of sabotage. † November Elections held for National Assembly; Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) wins ninety-three out of 207 seats contested. December Benazir Bhutto sworn in as first female prime minister of a Muslim nation; PPP and MQM parties sign â€Å"Karachi Declaration,† an accord to restore peace in Sindh; Pakistan and India sign accords at South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit in Islamabad, including agreement not to attack each other’s nuclear facilities. June Combined Opposition Parties (COP), consisting of most opposition groups, formed in National Assembly, with Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi as leader. February Soviet Union completes withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan. September Pakistan’s largest ever military exercise, Zarb- e – Momin (Sword of the Faithful), commences. October Pakistan rejoins Commonwealth of Nations. December Ethnic riots in Sindh claim scores of lives. 1990 May-June Ethnic troubles mount in Sindh; rift develops between PPP and coalition partners. August President Ghulam Ishaq Khan di smisses Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, her cabinet, and National Assembly; orders new elections for October 24, 1990; Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi becomes caretaker prime inister. October United States president George Bush is unable to deliver annual certification that Pakistan does not possess nuclear weapons as condition of continued assistance and arms and technology transfers, leading to cutoff of most aid. National elections held; Bhutto’s PPP loses to coalition of rightist parties. November Mian Nawaz Sharif elected prime minister. 1991 February Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif liberalizes economy, lifts controls on foreign currency entering country, and announces policies to encourage new investment; numerous pro-Iraq emonstrations and widespread public opposition to Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s support of Desert Storm but pro-United Nations stance reiterated. May Shariat Bill is adopted by National Assembly. July Opposition members call upon president to dismiss government because of deteriorating law and order situation, particularly in Sindh. 1992 December Babri Mosque in Ayodya, India, destroyed by Hindu fundamentalists seeking to build Hindu temple on contested site; communal violence mounts over incident; Pakistan asks Indian government to protect Muslims in India. 993 April President Ishaq Khan dismisses government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, citing corruption. July President Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif resign under pressure from military; World Bank officer, Moeen Qureshi, named caretaker prime minister pending elections in October. October Benazir Bhutto’s PPP wins s lim margin in national elections and builds coalition government; Benazir appointed prime minister. November PPP stalwart, Farooq Leghari, defeats acting President Wassim Sajjad and becomes president. Data as of April 1994 How to cite Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective, Essay examples

Theoretical Framework on Information Technology and Systems

Questions: 1. Three ways to approach systems security risk.2. Four international business strategies in the digital world by Valacich.3. Knowledge Worker in terms of todays business environment.4. Reviewing.www.informationweek.comwww.itwire.comwww.delimiter.com.auwww.computerworld.com.au5. Primary and secondary storage.6. Four services available from a network.7. List and explain three benefits of using extranets.8. List and describe the five typical revenue models for e-commerce.9. What are the advantages of storing information in a relational database using a database management system (DBMS)?10. Contrast technological safeguards and human safeguards in information systems security. Answers: 1. Three ways to approach systems security risk: IT risk administration as of now plays more imperative part in very nearly all parts of contemporary associations' usefulness.(Rot, 2008) It requires dependable and cyclical acknowledgment of its key assignment which is risk investigation. The three ways to approach systems security risk can be: Risk Evaluation: Identifying the probability of it occurring.(Rot, 2008) Examining the consequences if it should occur. (Rot, 2008) Assessing the Risk. (Rot, 2008) Quantitative Approach: where estimation of risk worth is joined with application of numerical measures estimation of assets is characterized in sums, the recurrence of danger event in the quantity of cases, and vulnerability by the estimation of likelihood of its misfortune, those strategies present results fit as a fiddle of marker (Rot, 2008) Qualitative Approach: Which don't work on numerical information, displaying results as depictions, proposals. (Rot, 2008) 2. The four international business strategies in the digital world by Valacich are: Outsourcing: If an association in a far off area can perform a bit of a business' administrations better and less expensive, employ that association. As such, its no longer judicious or important for the greater part of a business' administrations to be performed in one area, or under one top. Supply Chains: Find the gear and supplies expected to achieve business objectives effectively and monetarily by utilizing worldwide, not simply nearby, sources. Consulting: so as to contend in a level world, it may bode well for organizations to counsel data benefits that can exhort them on the most proficient method to end up worldwide. For illustration, Infosys Technologies counsels with customers inside eighteen commercial ventures, running from the aeronautic trade, to health awareness, training, and utilities commercial ventures. Employment: To contract the best and the brightest, look for workers from nations around the world, or utilization the livelihood acquirement administrations of a worldwide occupation administrations. 3. Knowledge Worker in terms of todays business environment: When we attempt to characterize administration, our first thought is typically of a chief who involves a part and who has power over individuals.(McCrimmon, 2010) Be that as it may on account of knowledge workers, who oversee themselves, administration is seen as a process, one which can captivate everybody.(McCrimmon, 2010) Consequently, when we characterize administration as a part, we limit it to something that alludes to supervisors just. Such a definition is not just a restricting one, it is one that does not represent the route in which work and obligation has changed. (McCrimmon, 2010) Mechanical age associations were formal progressive systems that alloted particular parts to workers. The spotlight on parts put all force in the hands of administrators, who administered workers by arranging, sorting out and controlling their work. This is basically what made administration a top-down, limiting capacity.(McCrimmon, 2010) 4. Reviewing: www.informationweek.comwww.itwire.comwww.delimiter.com.auwww.computerworld.com.au According to the website https://www.informationweek.com/ Cyber security seems to be the topic of most discussions, whether it be on computers, mobiles, tablets or even cloud computing. (https://www.informationweek.com/) On https://www.itwire.com/ I was personally most intrigued by the launch of Windows 10 operating system, they will have a live preview of it.(https://www.itwire.com/) The most important announcement on https://delimiter.com.au/ would have to be its closure. After a successful stint online, the website seems to have run its course and has decided to shut shop. (https://delimiter.com.au/) Virtual Reality, especially the use of glasses seemed to be the burning topic in the case of https://www.computerworld.com.au/ after Google had announced its virtual reality glasses, it seems Microsoft is going to beat Google at this game, as it has announced its soon to be launched HoloLens.( https://www.computerworld.com.au/) 5. Primary and secondary storage: Primary memory storages are impermanent; whereas the secondary storage is lasting. Primary memory is costly and littler, where as secondary memory is less expensive and bigger Primary memory storages are speedier, where as secondary storages are slower. Primary memory storages are associated through information transports to CPU, where as the secondary storages are join through information links to CPU 6. Four services available from a network: There are various diverse system administrations, for example, directory services is an arrangement of programming that sorts out, stores and gives availability to data inside the machine registry working frameworks instant messaging is a class of online talk known for offering content transmission of ongoing through the web video on demand are the frameworks permitting the clients for selecting and viewing substance of feature or listening substance of sound focused around distinctive decisions Simple network management protocol is a convention of web standard for the administration of gadget on the systems of IT. 7. List and explain three benefits of using extranets: An extranet can increase the value of your organization by helping you impart and work together all the more successfully with customers, clients, and accomplices.(AllBusiness, n.d) Especially in the business-to-business showcase, an extranet can give your organization an edge over the opposition and spare you cash by streamlining conventional business capacities and cutting overhead expenses. (AllBusiness, n.d) Extranets offer little organizations numerous different points of interest: Expanded profit. As you robotize forms that were generally done physically, bottlenecks will vanish and your organization's gainfulness will increment. Basic data won't lose all sense of direction via the post office or covered in an email inbox, and occupied workers won't miss or overlook key occasions. An extranet can, for instance, screen business exercises and trigger particular activities, for example, consequently submitting a request with a supplier when your stock drops beneath a certain level. (AllBusiness, n.d) Lessened room for give and take. An extranet can decrease your safety buffer, particularly when you utilize it to give particular gatherings access to inner applications. This could include something as basic as giving clients access to their request histories, or something as mind boggling as transforming requests from merchants and suppliers. (AllBusiness, n.d) Adaptability. When you utilize an extranet to make data and applications accessible to accomplices, customers, and clients, everybody can work when and where its generally advantageous. This serve toward oneself methodology liberates you from unnecessary gatherings and telephone tag, and it eliminates the expenses connected with in-individual data trades. Case in point, an extranet may permit you to give client administration data outside of general business hours.(AllBusiness, n.d) 8. List and describe the five typical revenue models for e-commerce value recommendation - how an organization's item or administration satisfies the needs of clients. Ordinary e-trade quality recommendations incorporate personalization, customization, accommodation, and decrease of item pursuit and value conveyance costs. revenue model - how the organization arrangements to profit from its operations. Real e-business income models incorporate the publicizing model, membership model, exchange expense model, deals model, and subsidiary model. market opportunity - the income potential inside an organization's expected marketspace. competitive environment-the immediate and aberrant contenders working together in the same marketspace, including what number of there are and how beneficial they are. competitive point of interest - the elements that separate the business from its rival, empowering it to give a predominant item. 9. Emulating are a percentage of the favourable circumstances of utilizing a database over a customary record transforming framework: Potential for implementing measures. (nrttechnology, n.d) (nrttechnology, n.d) Lessened application improvement time. (nrttechnology, n.d) Accessibility of progressive data to all clients. (nrttechnology, n.d) Economies of scale.(nrttechnology, n.d) 10. Contrast technological safeguards and human safeguards in information systems security Technological safeguards are the steps implemented by associations to secure equipment and programming parts of data frameworks. There are three noteworthy levels where this protection is connected and this is distinguishing proof and verification, malware security and encryption and firewalls. Recognizable proof and confirmation includes systems, for example, utilization of biometric information, single sign-on and utilization of smartcards. These are technological developments which are connected to secure data security in associations. An illustration is the utilization of biometric information where human body parts, for example, fingerprints and retina are utilized to validate clients. Human safeguards are steps implemented by associations to protect the data framework security, and they include control of individuals who access the data framework. Human safeguards include different levels of managing the human asset and they incorporate procuring and screening, position definition, scattering and implementation and end. Position definition permits clients to have employment titles with comparing security rights while spread and implementation guarantees that all staff are mindful of strategies took after when getting to the framework. End includes change in representatives obligations while contracting and screening distinguishes workers who represent a danger to the association. Screening of workers through record verifications against law requirement organizations when procuring is an illustration of human protect in data security. References: AllBusiness (n.d) Benefits of Extranets, [Online], Available: https://www.allbusiness.com/technology/computer-networking/1283-1.html [22 January 2015]. McCrimmon, M. (2010) A NEW ROLE FOR MANAGEMENT IN TODAYS POST-INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION , August, [Online], Available: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/leadership/a-new-role-for-management-in-todays-post-industrial-organization#.VMCnTC6pfQE [22 January 2015]. nrttechnology (n.d) DBMS, [Online], Available: https://www.nrtechnology.com/education/database/lecture%201/lecture%201.htm [22 January 2015]. Rot, A. (2008) 'IT Risk Assessment: Quantitative and Qualitative Approach', World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, San Francisco, USA.

Human Resource Management Affecting Employee Engagement

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Affecting Employee Engagement. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an approach that helps business organisations in managing their human resources/workforces/employees and optimising their performances by using concepts, such as performance management, training and development, compensation and benefits, career planning and management, selection and recruitment, etc. In the present day world, due to the spread of globalisation, the competition between business organisations has reached a global level. The competition is so fierce that only the toughest can survive in the long run. In such a scenario, it has become very difficult for companies to rely upon business operations and processes to achieve market competencies as they can be easily replicated. In such conditions, business organisations can only rely upon their human resources that can help them in achieving market competencies. Therefore, it has become very important for business organisations to optimise the performance of the employees by improving the work conditions for them because competitive and productive employees will help the company in achieving its organisational goals and objectives. Management of human resources in multinational companies is becoming difficult than ever. With the rise in opportunities for the talented workforce and due to the spread of globalisation, attracting and retaining global talent has become one of the key issues that haunts almost all the companies. Further, it has also become difficult to keep the employees engaged so that they could remain productive and competitive. In this assignment, we will discuss a number of ways in which companies can ensure better employee engagement so that the global talent can be attracted and retained within the organisations. Literature Review Employee Engagement Employee engagement is about creating opportunities for employees that can help them to connect with their co-workers, managers and the organisation in a better way. Some also consider employee engagement as creating an environment where the employees are motivated to work harder and be connected with their work and the organisation on the while. An engaged employee tries his or her best to optimise the performance of the whole unit and contribute more towards the success of organisational goals and objectives (MacLeod and Clarke, n.d.). Retaining And Attracting Employees In Mncs Companies these days are spending millions of dollars every year to manage their human resources in the best possible way. Human resource management departments are arranging for training and development programs for the employees and are trying their level best to increase their competencies. In multinational companies, there are expatriates (employees working away from their home countries) who have specially designed compensations benefits, training programs, etc. When such employees leave an organisation, it acts as a huge loss for the companies. First of all, the company loses its talent that it has been trying to develop over a period of time. Secondly, the resources invested by the company go in vain as the employees leave the organisation. Thirdly, they create vacancies and it is a complex task to fill up the vacancies through internal as well as external recruiting. Lastly, high labour turnover rates are always a nightmare for the companies as they can damage the market rep utation of the company. Thus, it has become really important for the business organisations to retain their employees. At some point of time, companies have to recruit new staff to meet the demands of the human resources of various departments in the organisation. Companies can either recruit new staff through internal recruitment methods, such as promotions, transfers, re-employment, etc. or they can chose external recruitment methods, such as campus recruitment, job portals, recruitment through professional recruiters, etc. When the companies go for recruitment in the market, it is their reputation which attracts the capable candidates to apply for the vacant jobs. If the company has a good market reputation it will be able to attract a greater pool of talent whereas if it does not have a good reputation in the market, it would not be able to attract a good pool of talent. If a company is not able to attract candidates to work for its organisation, it would become very difficult to fill up the vacant positions in the organisation. Therefore, it is important for business organisations to be able to retain as well as to attract a good pool of talented employees (Buck and Watson, 2002). Employee Engagement And Staff Retaining In the past few years, the human resource management of various companies have come to realize that employee engagement is an important concept that can help business organisations in optimising the performance of their employees (MACEY and SCHNEIDER, 2008). Engaging the employees helps business organisations in making the employees more committed towards their jobs and the organisation. When the employees demonstrate greater commitment towards their jobs and the organisation, they become more loyal and they try to contribute towards the achievement of organisations strategic goals and objectives with the best of their efforts. Let us now discuss some advantages of engaging employees for an organisation: Employee satisfaction research indicates that if a company is able to engage its employees, their job satisfaction levels increase exponentially. When the employees are engaged and are satisfied with their work, they also show high loyalty towards their jobs and towards the organisation. Ultimately, they play a huge role in the fulfilment of companys strategic goals and objectives. Productive employees who are engaged turn out to be the top performers in the organisation as they are committed to go an extra mile to achieve success for them as well as for the business. With increased engagement, employees also experience greater feeling of motivation and consequently they show reduced absenteeism. HayGroup performed a research in the same field and concluded that the offices with engaged employees turned out to be 43 percent more productive (Crosby, n.d.). Retention and recruitment retaining and recruiting a good pool of talent is the key to success for all business organisations. Engaged employees can help a company in bringing down their employee turnover rates due to greater loyalty towards work and organisation. When the employees are engaged and satisfied with their jobs, they tend to stick to their organisation for a longer period of time and have a lesser tendency to quit. With high retention rates, business organisations are also able to attract new and fresh pool of talent (Duncan, 2015). Innovation keeping the employees engaged in the workplace can also help a company in fostering a creative environment in the workplace. Engaged employees show excellent performances and make the workplace interesting. The employees who are engaged with the organisation feel a greater responsibility towards the success of the organisation and they strive to create new products and services that would help the company in gaining market competencies. Profitability Companies that are able to keep its employees engaged have also shown higher profitability. It is obvious that the employees who are engaged in work will show higher efficiency and productivity, which will ultimately help in increasing the overall profitability of the company. Further, engaged employees also play an important role in bringing down the operating costs and increasing the profit margins (Duncan, 2015). Improved communication one of the key factors for the success of business organisations is a proper communication system in the workplace. It has been found that engaged employees are more likely to be open communicators than disgruntled ones. The communication will be proper and the scope for mis-communication will also decrease to a great extent (Cook, 2008). Better morale of the staff having high staff morale is also important from the view point of the company. If the staff lacks high morale, the productivity and efficiency will fall and it will become very difficult for the management to motivate them. On the other hand, if the employees are engaged, they show higher morale and it becomes easier to motivate them. They also introduce positivity in the workplace and the positive vibes shared by them helps in fostering a positive work environment (Duncan, 2015). Satisfied customers engaged employees have a number of benefits and increased customer satisfaction is another added advantage of having a pool of engaged employees. Engaged employees show higher dedication levels and are motivated enough to go an extra mile for attending the customers and solving their complaints in the best possible manner. Reduced labour turnover and absenteeism it is said that an empty mind is a devils workshop, which means that if the employees are not given challenging work or any work that interests them, their minds will start to work in a negative direction. Such employees start taking unnecessary leaves and might even quit the organisation to join a better company. If the management is able to keep the employees engaged by providing them with interesting and challenging work, it will be able to prevent their minds from being affected by negativity. As a result, the organisation will be able to being its labour turnover rates and absenteeism down (Cook, 2008). How To Engage Employees As discussed above, it has become highly important for business organisations to keep their employees engaged as they are the key to all the success that a company can achieve. As it also helps business organisations in bringing down their employee turnover rates and to attract and retain global talent, it makes it even more important for national and multinational companies to adopt strategies that would help them in increasing the levels of employee engagement in the organisation. Let us now discuss some human resource strategies that can help business organisations in increasing the level of employee engagement in the workplace: Job Enrichment job enrichment is a relatively new concept that has come up in the past few years. Job enrichment is a process that aims at providing tough and challenging work to the employees in order to keep them interested in their jobs by making the work conditions better. It has been found that boring and monotonous work can have a negative impact on the engagement and performance levels of the employees. When the employees are given the same work to do every day, they become bored of their work and tend to take unnecessary leaves. In extreme cases, the employees have also been noticed to quit organisations that do not provide them adequate work opportunities. Employees prefer an environment where they have a chance to grow and develop their careers but in absence of such an environment, they become demotivated and tend to switch to organisations that have better opportunities. On the other hand, job enrichment is an approach that makes the workplace very interesting for the employees. The employees are offered exciting tasks on regular basis, which provides them with an opportunity to test their skills and knowledge. It helps in killing their boredom and they become motivated to fulfil the responsibilities assigned to them by their seniors. As a resu lt, the employees show greater engagement, loyalty and commitment while the overall absenteeism and labour turnover rates decrease. Thus, one of the best ways to keep the employees engaged is by adopting a job enrichment strategy at the workplace (Cook, 2008). Affinity one of the basic human needs is to have a belief in something, especially when it comes to work. When the employees do not have a strong belief in what they are doing, they will definitely use their hands and feet to work but they would not dedicate their heart and mind to it. Employees who do not find affinity at their workplaces start looking for it either in the community or at home. The end result of lack of affinity or when the employees find it outside is that they bring their hands and feet to work but they leave behind their mind and heart i.e. they are physically present during the work but are mentally absent. Organisations that have the ability to provide affinity to their employees have outperformed the ones which have been unable to provide affinity to the employees. Thus, the need to make the employees more enthusiastic about their work generates the need to engage them in the workplace (Cook, 2008). One of the best ways to engage the employees is to challenge them and keep them involved in something that is worthwhile. For many years, it was believed that a sense of urgency was the only way to keep the employees engaged but it was later found out that it could only help in achieving a momentarily engagement. The organisations then realized that they need a better reason and way to engage the employees. Thus, they have recently come up with something new. The present day organisations are trying their best to keep the employees engaged by altruism. The organisations have started to shift their focus from numbers to individuals and have started making them realize that they need to perform to achieve some human needs rather than the fulfilment of organisational greed. The feeling that performing better will help in the fulfilment of ones own needs helps in motivating the employees and engaging them to a very good extent as there is always a natural affinity in people for success, for winning and for achieving excellence (Industryweek.com, 2016). Involvement another strategy that can help in increasing employee engagement is involvement. It has been found that people have a natural tendency to support what they have created. Therefore, by giving the workers an opportunity to be involved in important matters of the organisation given them a feeling of belongingness. When they are involved in important matters of the organisation, they get a feeling of pride, ownership and a deep sense of fulfilment of needs, which helps in motivating them and fostering a creative environment. Sometimes, companies can engage their employees up to a great extent only by allowing them to form teams and chose their team members or leaders on their own. It might seem to be too simple to engage employees but it is true. A number of human behaviour experts have recognized belongingness as an important need that can help in motivating the employees. Thus, if the management is able to provide involvement opportunities to the employees and make them feel that they matter to the organisation, they can easily increase the level of engagement that the employees have in the organisation (Industryweek.com, 2016). Empowering The Employees a management can never discover the potential of its employee unless it stops to micromanage them and starts to empower them. The management should empower the employees to take important decisions, which would allow them to build their confidence and strengthen their self-trust. Empowering might sound easy to be done but it requires a lot of efforts on the part of a leader to step back and let the employees take some charge. The leaders of the organisation should be confident enough to step back, allow their followers to try something new and pick them up even if they fail in doing so. When the employees will be empowered in such a way that would allow them to explore endless possibilities, they would definitely become more engaged (Forbes.com, n.d.). Share Your Success To Build Momentum if a company likes to keep secrets and wants its leaders to enjoy all the success alone, it can become really difficult to motivate the employees and keep them engaged. The leaders of the organisation should always share their success with the employees, who have had a key role in achieving it. Sharing the overall success with the employees gives them a feeling that they are an important part of the accomplishments and gives them a sign of trust that helps in creating employee engagement (Forbes.com, n.d.). Performance Management one of the best ways to ensure continuous and long term employee engagement is by implementing a performance management system in the organisation. A performance management system allows the organisation to foster a workplace environment where the main stress is laid upon the performance shown by the employees. It includes assessing, reviewing and sharing the performance of all the employees and appreciating them in case of good performance or finding out ways to train them for performing even better. Performance management systems are always attached with some types of incentives or awards that are aimed at keeping the employees motivated and oriented towards performing better than their peers. Such an environment makes the workplace challenging for the employees and they show greater levels of engagement (Garber, 2007). 7 CS Of Employee Engagement Following are the seven essential elements that can help leaders in engaging employees hands, hearts and heads: Connect The leaders of the organisations should be able to make the employees feel that they are of a great value to the company. It has been found that even though compensation, benefits and incentives play an important role in motivating and keeping the employees engaged, a fractured relation between the manager and an employee can cause a lot of damage to the employees engagement. Career Another efficient way of engaging the employees is by providing them with challenging and meaningful work with opportunities for career development. Effective leaders have the capability of challenging the employees and at the same time making them feel confident about the challenge given to them. Such leaders can easily keep the employees engaged (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Clarity Another important requirement to keep the employees engaged is to have a clear vision set in their minds. The employees desire a complete and clear vision of what the organisation wants them to achieve. Success in the business world and employee engagement is only possible when the vision and mission of the organisation are clearly defined in the mind of the whole workforce. Convey another efficient way to keep the employees engaged is by conveying the expectations of the organisation to the employees and providing them a feedback about their performances. It requires the leaders to carefully examine his followers and work on them to achieve little improvement day by day. Contribute human resource management is largely dependent on the needs of the employees that derives their performance and motivation levels. One such need of the employees is to know that in what ways their inputs are helping the organisation in achieving what it wants to achieve. If the managers are able to provide them a review of the contribution that they have made towards the overall performance of the organisation, they can easily ensure greater employee engagement in the organisation (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Control another need of the employees is to have the ability to control the flow and pace of their jobs, which can be created by the leaders to ensure greater engagement. The leaders should be aware about the needs of the employees and it should be possible for the employees to approach their leaders and ask for their help if they are facing some problem in their work life or personal life. Such an environment can help in creating job engagement in the organisation as it will form a give and take relation. Collaboration studies have also shown that employees working in teams that have trust and cooperation amongst its members are able to outperform those teams which lack trust and cooperation. Leaders of the organisation can ensure employee engagement and higher productivity by building an environment where there is trust and cooperation amongst the employees. It provides the employees with the opportunity to demonstrate their leadership qualities and be a part of something bigger than them (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Conclusion From the above information, it is clear that it has become very important for multinational companies to keep their employees engaged if they want to retain them and attract talented pool of employees in the future. Employee engagement is not just beneficial for the employers but is equally important for the employees as it helps them to perform better and develop their careers. On the other hand, for the employers, employee engagement can help in bringing down absenteeism turnover rates while it helps in increasing the productivity, creativity and overall performance of the company. From the view point of the business organisations, keeping the employees engaged might be a difficult task but the benefits of having a workforce of engaged employees makes the efforts worth it. The strategies discussed above are few of the many strategies that companies are using these days to keep their employees engaged. Irrespective of the size of a company i.e. small, medium or large, all companies can make use of the strategies mentioned above and can easily ensure high employee engagement at the workplace. Therefore, all companies and organisational leaders should try their best to ensure employee engagement at the workplace. References Explorance.com. (2016). 6 Ways You Can Benefit From Employee Engagement. [online] Available at: https://explorance.com/6-ways-you-can-benefit-from-employee-engagement-2/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Chandani, A., Mehta, M., Mall, A. and Khokhar, V. (2016). Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee Engagement. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(15). Ang, E. (n.d.). Employee Engagement. SSRN Electronic Journal. Buck, J. and Watson, J. (2002). Retaining Staff Employees: The Relationship Between Human Resources Management Strategies and Organizational Commitment. Innovative Higher Education, 26(3), pp.175-193. Building relationships for retention. (2009). Strategic Direction, 25(7), pp.6-10. Crosby, D. (n.d.). Improving Employee Retention in the Public Sector by Increasing Employee Engagement. SSRN Electronic Journal. DeCenzo, D. and Robbins, S. (1996). Human resource management. New York: Wiley. Dr. V. Tulasi Das, D. and Ch.Vijayalakshmi, C. (2011). Employee Engagement Strategies For Enhancing Employee Competitiveness To Organizational Success. IJAR, 1(12), pp.137-140. Duncan, D. (2015). 7 Great Benefits of Engaging your Staff. [online] PARiM Workforce Software. Available at: https://parim.co/7-great-benefits-of-engaging-your-staff [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Forbes.com. (n.d.). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2015/02/02/6-things-wise-leaders-do-to-engage-their-employees/3/#41a25a02473f [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Ganesh, A. (2016). Employee Engagement-A Means to Employee Involvement. IIMS Jrnl. Mgmt. Sci., 7(2), p.165. Gberevbie, D. (2008). Employee Retention Strategies And Organizational Performance. IFE PsychologIA, 16(2). Griffeth, R. and Hom, P. (2001). Retaining valued employees. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. MACEY, W. and SCHNEIDER, B. (2008). The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Indust Organizational Psychol, 1(1), pp.3-30. MacLeod, D. and Clarke, N. (n.d.). Engaging for success: enhancing performance through employee engagement. Rich, B., Lepine, J. and Crawford, E. (2010). Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), pp.617-635. Cook, S. (2008). The essential guide to employee engagement. London: Kogan Page. Industryweek.com. (2016). Three Strategies for Employee Engagement. [online] Available at: https://www.industryweek.com/engagement/three-strategies-employee-engagement [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Tips on employee retention. (2008). [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Garber, P. (2007). 50 activities for employee engagement. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Vestal, K. (2012). Which Matters: Employee Satisfaction or Employee Engagement?. Nurse Leader, 10(6), pp.10-11. Iveybusinessjournal.com. (2016). What Engages Employees the Most OR, the Ten Cs of Employee Engagement . [online] Available at: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/what-engages-employees-the-most-or-the-ten-cs-of-employee-engagement/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016].

Social Networking free essay sample

Social media has consumed our society. 47% of American adults used social networking sites in 2011 like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter; up from 26% in 2008(quoted from procon. org) The aspects of social media both have a positive and negative impact on life. Social networking sites promote interaction with distant family and friends. Social networking sites can demonstrate opportunities to strengthen existing relationships and to develop new friendships as well. The downfall of social media sites prevent less face to face communication. Also, social media has been known to be more likely to spread false, and even potentially dangerous information. Questions come about quite often about social networking sites, and if they are good for our society. As a member of our society social networking can have a positive or negative influence in school, relationships, promoting business, and self expression. While others may view social media as a negative influence, for me, the issue hinges on how social networking sites are being used and displayed accordingly. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Social networking sites have become more popular and users have expanded from teens to young adults, and now are even including individuals over 50 years of age. While social media inherent risks, there are also many potential benefits. When social networking sites are brought up, most people think of all the negative aspects of it, but I believe that there is good in all circumstances. Why do you think social media can hang onto a negative reputation? For some, social media has a negative effect because of the potential harm it may cause. Two-thirds of all teachers believe that social media does more to distract students than to help them academically. (quoted from procon. org) Different surveys and studies have been conducted regarding students that use social media while in school are more likely to make their GPA drop more than students who are not involved with social media. Even though social media may potentially change the world for the better, it has greatly effected student academics. With the opportunity to immediately open up any social media network conveniently on a smart phone, it becomes such a distraction in the classroom. Not only can students post negative statements about teachers, but just as much drama can accumulate regarding their peers. Social networking sites can influence negative behaviors and consequences in some relationships. A survey of the nations top lawyers show more clients are coming to divorce court armed with social media evidence to prove spouses are cheating, according to Fox News. Individuals are reconnecting with old grammar school sweethearts on social networking sites. In the beginning, the motto is just to reconnect. Unfortunately, once one is lured in, the physical relationship outside of social media is put to flames. Social media sites can not only break relationships by marriage, but relationships through friendship. A small joke with one close friend can be sent to or seen by three others and potentially be taken the wrong way. What occurs between friendships over social media sites can be harmful because it is not face to face communication. Many times it is very hard to be fully capable in expressing emotional feeling through social media. Friendships are broken because of social media. Couples should always be fully aware of how much they are exposing on cyberspace. Behind any device, individuals are able to say whatever they are feeling to whoever that want. In reality, social network can be very harmful in someones life. Although social media has advantages to advertising your business. Social networking sites also run the risk of allowing customers to post negative comments about your business. The hassle of running and updating the social networking site will take many hours and dedication. While promoting business on social media avoid posts that are unprofessional. Be sure to proofread tweets or posts before posting them. Misspelled words and errors are a turn off for prospective customers. Being unprofessional online can also lead to a negative reputation. When posting on social media, business hours can get busy and not have enough time to post. Make sure when you are using social media, it is not used to much or not used enough. If the business page is not updated often, your posts could get overlooked by your friends and followers as well. Using social media can be time consuming if you do not understand it, but likewise it could help your business in the future. Walk thru the halls of any high school, look around at any restaurant and you will notice one person taking a picture of them self. Self expression is vital to understanding yourself and your very own uniqueness to the world. This particular topic may not seem as much a big deal; however, self expression is an important part of one’s life. It is not good for a person’s psychological well being to limit self expression through social media. Many times individuals can become consumed with who they are behind social media. Social networking can become addicting and eventually life threatening to one self, or others that they could come in contact with. Discover and set boundaries to help prevent hiding behind social media. From the positive point of view, students are able to gain important skills from social networking sites while at school. Lauren Gerber stated, â€Å"Far from being a source of distraction and danger, social networking sites offer teenagers the opportunity to navigate everyday technology, learn valuable computer and social skills, and polish their language proficiency. Acquiring computer skills will help them find jobs later in their careers and prepares them for a professional environment in which computers are common place. † For a long period of time school districts have banned mobile internet usage. Many reasons are because social media was becoming a distraction. Moreover, today social media is becoming more allowable in schools and is being used educationally. Classroom learning is now competing with social networking sites. By creating educational sites, similar to social networking, schools are creating more opportunities to enhance learning. Educational social networking sites are also becoming more enjoyable for students. Social networking sites can be a great attribute in developing new friendships. A study on the internet shows that teens are much more likely to report that using social media has a positive impact on their social and emotional lives than a negative one. (quote commonsensemedia. org) Depending on your point of view, some believe a positive of social media is openly displaying their relationships. Social networking sites allow people to interact with more people then on a week to week ratio. Social media is able to open the door with more opportunities to new ideas and resources. Nonetheless, having the access to quickly pull up a new friends profile is helpful with small talk and conversation starters. Social media is starting to put the communication factor back in relationships. From all walks of life, social media allows you to connect with more people. Social networking sites largest source of revenue is considered advertising. Positive aspects of promoting business through social media is that it can reach millions of people around the world. Social networking sites are an inexpensive way to promote business. Social media will also keep existing and new clients talking about your business. These sites allow you to inform your followers and friends of upcoming promotions and even secret sales simply and quickly. Clients can post experiences on your page that they have had with your company. Personal reviews can always help with new customers too. With almost all social networking sites being free, advertising your business on these sites would be crazy not do so. Social networking can offer a fast and simple way for customers to touch base with you on a problem or a quick question. Using social media to promote business does not require high level skills. An average person with a standard computer should have no difficulty at all. Anyone that desires to master the internet universe is considered taking on a massive undertaking called the social network. Lastly, self expression through social media can be used in a positive way. By allowing users to share everyday life happenings through pictures and stories. Different social media networks offer creative ideas and portray new resources to help your imagination develop new opportunities. By using self expressing qualities friends are able to share different hobbies and adventures. Business people, soldiers, and students studying or working in other countries are able to share life experiences and joys with friends and relative literally around the world. This provides a low cost way of communicating that brings encouragement and excitement to any relationship that benefits as a result of social media. By becoming fully aware of the advantages and disadvantages around social networking sites, it is up to the user. Whether they are willing to make a positive or negative impact with the social media. Social media becomes our responsibility, if we choose to use this technology properly or improperly. Since, in the long run we are the ones benefiting from social networking sites. Even though social networking sites have negative influences, the positive impacts heavily out weigh them. The good things that social media offers should not be overlooked and clouded by the negative. I would encourage everyone to use social networking sites, but to always remember to use them wisely, with discernment, knowing that what some people use to cause harm can actually be used for the good. Social Networking free essay sample Social networking services serves as a big platform to create social relationships. People who have common interest idea, activities, backgrounds and real-life connections connect with each other through social networking sites or services. It connects people from one end to another end of the world very easily with internet connections. With improvement in technology in mobile phones through introduction o androids and smart phones, social networking services and used widely by all age group people. This was made much easier for people who do not have a desktop or a laptop. Pocket internet services, available in different package based on time period, memory and data usage, given by the service providers helps peoples for a budgetary internet usage. Students using social networking sites have negative impact. The student’s motivational level reduces due to the use of these social networking sites. They rely on the virtual environment instead of gaining practical knowledge from the real world. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This puts them in a separate world where there is a severe lack of face-to-face communication. Problem Statement The world is today celebrating the improvements in communication technology which has broadened the scope of communication through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Ufuophu and Ayobami (2012:129) observe that the ICTs include internet, satellite, cable data transmission and computer assisted equipment. Social network is a social structure made up of individuals or organizations which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige (Adeboye, 2012, cited in Asemah and Edegoh,2012). Social networking sites include: Yahoo Messenger, Facebook Messenger, Blackberry Messenger (BBM), Twitter, Youtube and so on. These networking sites are used by most people to interact with old and new friends, physical or internet friends (Adeboye, 2012, cited in Asemah and Edegoh, 2012). The expansion in technology has also affected internet software, thus leading to chatting sites known by the name â€Å"social media†. With social networking sites, one can send and receive messages almost immediately. However, lack of regulation of the internet has led to its excessive use. McQuail (2008:154) avers that the internet penetrates more homes. It is a common sight to see a youth chatting in sensitive and highly organized places like church and lecture venues. Some are so carried away that even as they are walking along the high way, they keep chatting. The manufacturing and distribution of equally sophisticated cellular phones has complicated the situation, as youths no longer need to visit a cybercafe before they send and receive messages. Attention has been shifted from visible to invisible friends, while important ventures like study and writing are affected in the process. This phenomenon has become a source of worry to many who believe in knowledge and skill acquisition. The emergence of social media as a result of advancement in technology and expansion in internet software has raised eye brows among academics on its (social media) impacts on studies. Students at all levels of learning now have divided attention to studies, as a result of available opportunities to be harnessed from social media. Whether these opportunities promote studies is a question that needs to be answered. Thus, the problem this study investigates is the effect of social media networks on the academic performance of the students.

Admiral George Rodney in the American Revolution

Admiral George Rodney in the American Revolution George Rodney - Early Life Career: George Brydges Rodney was born in January 1718 and was baptized the following month in London. The son of Henry and Mary Rodney, George was born into a well-connected family. A veteran of the War of the Spanish Succession, Henry Rodney had served in the army and marine corps before losing much of the familys money in the South Sea Bubble. Though sent to the Harrow School, the younger Rodney left in 1732 to accept a warrant in the Royal Navy. Posted to HMS Sunderland (60 guns), he initially served as a volunteer before becoming a midshipman. Transferring to HMS Dreadnought two years later, Rodney was mentored by Captain Henry Medley. After a spending time in Lisbon, he saw service aboard several ships and voyaged to Newfoundland to aid in protecting the British fishing fleet. George Rodney - Rising Through the Ranks: Though a capable young officer, Rodney benefited from his connection to the Duke of Chandos and was promoted to lieutenant on February 15, 1739. Serving in the Mediterranean, he sailed aboard HMS Dolphin before switching to Admiral Sir Thomas Matthews flagship, HMS Namur. With the beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession, Rodney was dispatched to attack a Spanish supply base at Ventimiglia in 1742. Successful in this endeavor, he received a promotion to post-captain and took command of HMS Plymouth (60). After escorting British merchantmen home from Lisbon, Rodney was given HMS Ludlow Castle and directed to blockade the Scottish coast during the Jacobite Rebellion. During this time, one of his midshipmen was future admiral Samuel Hood. In 1746, Rodney took over HMS Eagle (60) and patrolled the Western Approaches. During this time, he captured his first prize, a 16-gun Spanish privateer. Fresh from this triumph, he received orders to join Admiral George Ansons Western Squadron in May. Operating in the Channel and off the French coast, Eagle and took part in the capture of sixteen French ships. In May 1747, Rodney missed the First Battle of Cape Finisterre when he was away delivering a prize to Kinsale. Leaving the fleet after the victory, Anson turned command over to Admiral Edward Hawke. Sailing with Hawke, Eagle took part in the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre on October 14. During the fighting, Rodney engaged two French ships of the line. While one pulled away, he continued to engage the other until Eagle became unmanageable after its wheel was shot away. George Rodney - Peace: With the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle and the end of the war, Rodney took Eagle to Plymouth where it was decommissioned. His actions during the conflict earned him around  £15,000 in prize money and provided a degree of financial security. The following May, Rodney received an appointment as governor and commander-in-chief of Newfoundland. Sailing aboard HMS Rainbow (44), he held the temporary rank of commodore. Completing this duty in 1751, Rodney became increasingly interested in politics. Though his first bid for Parliament failed, he was elected as MP for Saltash in 1751. After purchasing an estate at Old Alresford, Rodney met and married Jane Compton, the sister of the Earl of Northampton. The couple had three children before Janes death in 1757. George Rodney - Seven Years War: In 1756, Britain formally entered the Seven Years War after a French attack on Minorca. Blame for the islands loss was placed on Admiral John Byng. Court-martialed, Byng was sentenced to death. Having escaped from serving on the court-martial, Rodney lobbied for the sentence to be commuted, but to no avail. In 1757, Rodney sailed aboard HMS Dublin (74) as part of Hawkes raid on Rochefort. The following year, he was directed to carry Major General Jeffery Amherst across the Atlantic to oversee the Siege of Louisbourg. Capturing a French East Indiaman en route, Rodney was later criticized for putting prize money ahead of his orders. Joining Admiral Edward Boscawens fleet off Louisbourg, Rodney delivered the general and operated against the city through June and July. In August, Rodney sailed in command of a small fleet that transported Louisbourgs defeated garrison into captivity in Britain. Promoted to rear admiral on May 19, 1759, he began operations against French invasion forces at Le Havre. Employing bomb vessels he attacked the French port in early July. Inflicting significant damage, Rodney struck again in August. The French invasion plans were cancelled later that year after major naval defeats at Lagos and Quiberon Bay. Detailed to blockade the French coast until 1761, Rodney was then given command of a British expedition tasked with capturing the rich island of Martinique. George Rodney - Caribbean Peace: Crossing to the Caribbean, Rodneys fleet, in conjunction with Major General Robert Moncktons ground forces, conducted a successful campaign against the island as well as captured St. Lucia and Grenada. Completing operations in the Leeward Islands, Rodney moved northwest and joined with Vice Admiral George Pococks fleet for an expedition against Cuba. Returning to Britain at the end of the war in 1763, he learned that he had been promoted to vice admiral. Made a baronet in 1764, he elected to remarry and wed Henrietta Clies later that year. Serving as the governor of Greenwich Hospital, Rodney again ran for Parliament in 1768. Though he won, the victory cost him a large part of his fortune. After three more years in London, Rodney accepted the post of commander-in-chief at Jamaica as well as the honorary office of Rear Admiral of Great Britain. Arriving on the island, he worked diligently to improve its naval facilities and the quality of the fleet. Remaining until 1774, Rodney was forced to relocate to Paris as his financial situation had collapsed a result of the 1768 election and general overspending. In 1778, a friend, Marshal Biron, fronted him the money to clear his debts. Returning to London, Rodney was able to secure back pay from his ceremonial offices to repay Biron. That same year, he was promoted to admiral. With the American Revolution already underway, Rodney was made commander-in-chief of the Leeward Islands in late 1779. Putting to sea, he encountered Admiral Don Juan de Lngara off Cape St. Vincent on January 16, 1780. George Rodney - American Revolution: In the resulting Battle of Cape St. Vincent, Rodney captured or destroyed seven Spanish ships before proceeding on to re-supply Gibraltar. Reaching the Caribbean, his fleet met a French squadron, led by the Comte de Guichen, on April 17. Engaging off Martinique, a misinterpretation of Rodneys signals led to his battle plan being poorly executed. As a result, the battle proved inconclusive though Guichen elected to call off his campaign against British holdings in the region. With hurricane season approaching, Rodney sailed north to New York. Sailing back to the Caribbean the following year, Rodney and General John Vaughan captured the Dutch island of St. Eustatius in February 1781. In the wake of the capture, the two officers were accused of lingering on the island to collect its wealth rather than continuing to pursue military objectives. Arriving back in Britain later that year, Rodney defended his actions. As he was a supporter of Lord Norths government, his conduct at St. Eustatius received Parliaments blessing. Resuming his post in the Caribbean in February 1782, Rodney moved to engage a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse two months later. After a skirmish on April 9, the two fleets met at the Battle of the Saintes on the 12th. In the course of the fighting, the British fleet managed to break through the French battle line in two places. One of the first times this tactic had been used, it resulted in Rodney capturing seven French ships of the line, including De Grasses flagship Ville de Paris (104). Though hailed as a hero, several of Rodneys subordinates, including Samuel Hood, felt that admiral did not pursue the beaten enemy with sufficient vigor. George Rodney - Later Life: Rodneys victory provided a much needed boost to British morale following key defeats at the Battles of the Chesapeake and Yorktown the year before. Sailing for Britain, he arrived in August to find that he had been elevated to Baron Rodney of Rodney Stoke and that Parliament had voted him an annual pension of  £2,000. Electing to retire from the service, Rodney also withdrew from public life. He later suddenly died on May 23, 1792 at his home on Hanover Square in London. Selected Sources George Rodney: Tactical PioneerRoyal Naval Museum: George Rodney Government House: George Rodney