Strategic management and information systems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6469 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The significance of information technology has in recent times arriving a great deal of growing concentration crossways the industry worldwide. Strategies for continuous development means that in many areas in the industry has been expanding with major companies, such as Michael Dell, Microsoft and HP and Acer, to become the main support for the IT industry, The relationship between business and IS strategy of critical importance, gives a sense of direction, and provide support to the organization by as long as options that be able to followed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic management and information systems" essay for you Create order The close relationship between business strategy and IS important because the ability IS to help achieve the objectives of the company by helping to reduce the problems that might be encountered in executing its plans, which means that the company is able to develop the right plans in the process in a timely manner. This report will be the focus of the leading information technology company Michael Dell (DELL). The company Michael Dell, commonly known as the Dell, and started work 25 years ago at the University of Texas at Austin, United States. It now has a presence in all parts of the world and is one of the leading companies in the world dealing through information technology. DELL adapt its work to a new area in IS / IT infrastructure and developed a solid reputation and strong identity. At the outset of this report will give an analysis of the companys activities and business strategies to help to assess the results of its operations through the use of internal analysis (SWOT), assessment of the value-added chain and other factors critical to success. This will enable recommendations to be made in order to support and improve Dells business success. DELL Information It is useful to give information on the background of Dell, its vision and mission, as well as the organizations structure and culture in order to give a comprehensive Image of the company and that is the way of progress. Company background: Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael dell who studied at the university of Texas at Austen, Michael dell founded the company in the name PC limited with a capital $1000, the first companys selling computers compatible with IBM . Michael dell started to belief that trade regulations when selling personal computers directly to users, the company will achieve greater understanding of the requirements of customers and provide them with more efficient computer products to meet those requirements. during this time Michael dell to leave the study in university to his new job, especially after winning the expansion of capital value of $300.000 from his family (DELL 2009). In 1985 the company produced the first computers of its own design, dubbed Turbo PC, which sold at $ 795 million. The design contains a processor compatible with Intel 8088 running at 8 MHzs The company has to announce this product in the national computer magazines for sale directly to customers, The compilation of each computer specifically by the customer options, Giving buyers prices lower than those of commercial companies, but with greater efficiency of an assembly of those components themselves. Although Of the fact that a company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“PCs limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is not the first company to adopt the method of this work, but it has become one of the first companies that have succeeded in this manner. Dell Company collected more than U.S. $ 73 million total dividend during its first year. Dell revenue totalled $61.133 billion for the fiscal year ended February 2008, having previously been $7.420 billion during the fiscal year ended February 2007, an rise of 6.5% on 2007 during the fiscal year 2008 the company had profit $3.440 million, an rise 12.1% on 2007, with the net profit of $2.947 million in 2008, an rise of 14.1% on 2007. Michael dell company (DELL) provides technologies and services, aboard range offering of product, including desktop PC, storage, networking products and servers, mobility products, software and peripherals .the Company mainly based in the USA and about 2008 it was employing 82.700 people (DELL 2009). DELL vision statement Dell vision is quite focused about what customer needs to be somewhat homogenous throughout the world. Have been used management to translate the vision into a successful enterprise innovative and sustainable. Dell provides quality products and latest technology to cater the needs of the customers and suppliers and to build best relationship with them (DELL 2009). DELL mission statement Mission of Dell known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“THE SOUL OF DELLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? for the good value and obligation as well as, Direct Relationships, Customers improve loyal by great value, The Dell Team with teamwork and the opportunity anyone need to learn and develop and the Global Citizenship sharing responsibly into global marketplace. Dells mission is to meet the expectations of its customers and how to dealing business with them by phone and internet one on one for: The highest class of quality. A pioneer in the field of technology. Competitive pricing. Accountability of individuals and companies. The best in level service and supporting. The ability of flexible customization (DELL 2009). DELL organisational structure The structure of Dells organization on the basis of on the number of divisions, from the factory to High Command is very slight hierarchy to slow down a decision making process. The important points arise from organization Structure of the organization be relatively permanent and is designed to facilitate the achievement of something, This means that sometimes changes, what can be achieved change, or changes in the structure has come for senior management to change its views on the mainly agreeable structure to achieve specific results. The formal structure of the organization, which select to organization, and senior management, by inference, and this is to consider the question of choice. Structure of the division organization of component part to determine what these roles will play in achieving the goals and specific results for the whole organization. The structure of organization also provides for monitor and coordination of all parts to realization these goals (Derek Rollinson 2002). Employees are encouraged to pursue the most successful ways to complete their jobs and are permitted to implement these new efficiencies without prior approval by upper management. This open-communication has made junior employees realize their ideas are welcome and respected. Once proven to be successful, it is not unusual for these notions to be implemented in all part of organization. According a business Magazine published online in 2001 Michael Dell has been awarded CEO (Chiefexecutive 2009). Dells organizational structure is an essential part of the companys success. Small hierarchy exists inside the company. From the industrial unit to the management office, communication is emphasized and all staff is empowered to make decisions to get better job and big business performance. Top management support is not required for the completion of new ideas. Dells business flat structure is probable to enable the company to stay at the top of industry. Worker empowerment facilitates development innovation one of the most important spirited characteristics of growing industries. Likewise, Dells fast, reliable and receptive business replica enables it to execute its direct sales model more effectively than any other company in the industry. As well as Dell expands interested in rising markets, however, the corporation will have to adapt its organizational structure to increasing global environments. Dell will need to keep focus on its place in the manufacturing goods differentiator, bringing superior value to clients. DELL organisational culture organizational culture espoused by individuals in organizations have a strong influence and direct their behaviours and performance of their activities and their supervisors and their subordinates, colleagues and dealers with them, and reflect these values and beliefs, the degree of coherence and integration among the members of the organization as an internal control system when the bells ring out behaviours limits drawn to the human eye, therefore, these values reflect the organizations ability to create core values can move around all the efforts at all levels of the organization. Component values between several different of culture definition , which represents a common denominator and that these values refer to the attitudes, beliefs and ideas in a particular organization and reach these values to the individuals are obliged by social relations and continuous interaction among them, management will contribute greatly to instil the values espoused by the members when the organization adopts certain values such as to obey the laws and regulations and attention customers and improve efficiency, the organization expects of its members to adopt these values and reflect on their behaviour. Values and organizational culture play an important role in maintaining the identity of the organization and support its presence and influence in the activities of their employees, so managers are keen to develop and adopt organizational values to achieve the objectives of the organizations. However Cultural change is neither easy nor assured .It can take a long time and it takes effort and vigilance. (Philip E. Atkinson 1997) Dell maintained its culture through honesty and open communication. Tell Dell surveys into encourage rank and file employees anonymous evaluation of managers and senior leaders. The company believes that this kind of honesty help to bring change and accountability. Previous assessments have brought improvements in work-life balance, and common goals, classifications and job satisfaction. Dell, the winner of culture and diversity initiatives to create a comprehensive environment for companies on the basis of merit and personal competence and the achievement of equal access to all available opportunities, leading to employee satisfaction with the choice of employees to stay with Dell because of the significant benefits offered by the company, and the company aims to enable workers to maximize its contribution to the company while also maintaining effectiveness between their work and personal lives, as well as sponsors in the community of networks formed by groups of staff that help promote a more inclusive work environment, and improve communication between employees and enhance understanding by all staff about the value of diversity. Dale is described as a culture of meritocracy, which rewards those employees who are working hard to achieve organizational goals. Dell is also promoting a culture of learning within the organization, where each employee is expected to be committed to the promotion of consciousness of the company and work to achieve those objectives, and be on the other hand, Dell is committed to staff development, and help employees achieve personal and professional through the professional management (DELL 2009). Focus on internal efforts in Dell on cultivating and promoting best practices among those working in the areas of policy development, training and employment, direction and development and advancement and culture change, Dell strives to develop and participate fully, and retain talent on a high performance and flexibility in the invitation, in the workplace to enable staff and managers to hold discussions on the needs of every business and every employee in the individual work / life effectiveness of objectives, and then to build an implementation plan for each priority. Council and management of Dell are expected to bring integrity to the management and operation of the company and each and every one of the managers and senior management should be an example where trust, integrity, respect and responsibility of Management. Business and IS/IT strategies IS strategy is the long-term orientation, business-led and demand orientated .At the same time, IS strategy concerned either to support current strategy of business or develop a new strategy for IT choices, the responsibility of IS strategy fall within the range of senior management. IT strategy is described as the basis of the activity. Supply which focuses on technology and demand. It is also for the delivery of IT a practical solution to business problems. IT strategy is not only for the vision that senior managers adopt on IS planning long-term, but instead from the practical application of IT for business. The effective information management strategic can make in enable the institutions to work more competitive and flexible in the global environment and current developments in IS/IT impacting organizations to change the basics elements for prosperity strategic change management. On the other hand the introduction of IS / IT of manufacturing into the business sector, has led to significant improvement, for example in the automotive industry, where most of its processes controlled by the machines, and have the IT / IS computer operating system. IS/IT plays an important and very useful element in the growth of products at various stages, during all the product stages, with manufacturing industries by using computer-aided design to develop the design of product. (Currie.W 1995) You can also use the IT/IS to support the activities of value chain in order to gain a competitive benefit. Making it easier for suppliers to be close the system, improve services, cost savings and accelerate the delivery time while Value added by IT/IS for value chain makes the operations activities faster a result a rapid response to customer requirements and demands. It can also using the added value for the improvement and achieved about the sales activity to provide the competitiveness of the company with its competitors. Dells devised operating framework to guide them the strategic decisions making and manage, dependent for the elements below targeted growth, operational efficiency and capital strategy. Targeted Growth: The company has concentrated on the analysis of the growth opportunities in the future, to consider the customer segments, geography and business groups, but in order to obtain these opportunities, they continue to produce developments to become to the market effectively. Dell believes that if it builds an excellent technology with direct sell, then clients will want to buy this technology, except it must be effective in selling their technologies as it is an image in the first place. So far, it had conducted a long-term analysis of its sales strength; Making sure that they have a sufficient number of appropriate skills and experience with account managers, and the correct management of the accounts in the correct places, and in its target with the opportunities available for development. In this method, this aims to get better results of sales, while declining costs in the sale off. In order to make the service provided to their clients and clear and accountable, Dell has made several new programs; therefore the development of new incentive schemes in the process to achieve greater growth and profits for both Dell and its partners. The company will be the potential for growth can be achieved only by gaining customer loyalty and customer respect the outcome of positive experiences. There must be better coordination of sales and marketing with targeted investment if the company is to increase growth and achieve an improved return on investment in those regions where it is seeking to create more demand, it also a need to interact with customers in those regions where the clients spend a lot of time on the website. Operational Efficiency: Side by side with their search of growth, the company has purposed to get better efficiency and raise the speed and effectiveness in the field of marketing. To this conclusion the structure of companys dell rationalized and managerial matrices have been decreased and nearly three layers of top management have been disconnected, therefore the integration of its global processes with business groups to achieve greater accountability, competence and speed. The completion of the restructuring of large and led to a reduction in costs and benefits in terms of the full cost of this will be seen through the fiscal year. Capital Strategy: The company dell has made significant growth in reducing the total costs that are given the opportunity to invest further capital in the growth and even add to market share. Dell has required to achieve four key benefits of its business, firstly to lower costs, plus increase its capacity at the same time, to manage their business and meet the needs of its customers extra efficiently through access to improved information, it will also seek to improve control over the infrastructure for decrease business risk finally, In order to achieve all of this using Dell technology. Dell will be a wide publicity advertisement to its customers all over the world this way with its own IT. Dell is composed of people who have committed to work well in every day and, therefore, in order to achieve progress, the company invests heavily in developing the skills of its staff. To enable staff to develop performance and competencies with the development of their innovation by giving them this authority, the company also provides comprehensive programs to give opportunities to employees to improve and develop their performance, and in this line ensures the company to increase its competitive advantage, the companys success derives from the success of its managers and employees. The Strategic IS/IT of DELL There are a number of processes are available, each one provides a different framework to a development IT/IS strategic plan. Various analyse such as Porter five forces, the internal analysis (SWOT) and the value chain required to achieve this goal. Plus a number of tools obtainable through the organizations where they can find help to identify ways in which a company can obtain a strategic advantage, while improving the strategy IS/IT. Tools that are explained in the following part has proved to themselves to demonstrate the importance of the role that can be played by information technology in order to obtain certain goals, and business to find areas where IT applications can benefit from them. Conducting Internal Analysis Could be considered internal factors in the IS unit and of the element played by the users managers of IT in the whole process to be implemented, as well as an analysis of Foreign Affairs. And can be used the following tools for this process. SWOT Analysis This is the way that can be used to appraise the strengths and weaknesses, plus opportunities and threats that the organization may contain to agreement with it. Opportunities can be distinct as the range to create new sources or systems that will feature the companys long-term, while the threats can be considered as areas of performance to the changes to be carried out or counter where there is need for introduced (Robson 1997). DELL SWOT analysis Strengths Strong market position Despite the drop in market share to Hewlett-Packard recently, and Dell is still a strong player in the PC hardware segment. In the computer component and equipment manufacturing in the United States, Dell Company was in second ranked with a market share at 18% in 2007 after HP Company 20%. Dell was followed by rivals while the competitors for dell such as IBM, for 11.1% a market share, and Sun Microsystems company on 5% at a market share (Datamonitor 2008). In the computer hardware, software and equipment wholesalers industry in the US, Dell was in first position at 6.5% market share in 2007, followed for Ingram Micro 3.7% and IBM 2.8%. According to the annual ranking Inter brands by 2007, Dell brand was in 31st position among the top 100 brands in 2007 at the world; its brand was valued at $11,554 million (Datamonitor 2008). Dell is also one of the worlds leading companies in the servers segment. The company Dell is a strong market place because its partnership with EMC in the storage sector, Based in the United States information technology infrastructure and solutions company. Dell company is strong market place in the computer component sector will has a strong brand image (DELL Annual Report, 2008). Strong performance in Asia Pacific The Companys over the last three years in Asia Pacific, revenue growth in all product categories through fiscal 2006 and 2007 with strong performance. The revenue at this part rose from $5,465 million to $7,358 million between fiscal 2005 until 2007, a raise at 34.6% and CAGR at 16%. During fiscal 2007 the part in China was led by 26% revenue growth and in Japan by 13% during fiscal 2006. Higher rate revenue growth at the overall region by Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and India In fiscal 2007. Dell Established in Bangalore, India to development centre and new global research in May 2007 to software products, data-storage systems and develop the new generation by network servers. Plus Dell Company focused in China market because Dells is the third biggest competitor after Lenovo. Furthermore, dell established a design centre in Shanghai, china which played this segment primary key in the start on a low cost price PC Also launched a corporate blog to connect with customers, powerful performance in quick growing markets will be help the dell company to increase revenue growth (Datamonitor 2008). Wide product portfolio The company has a wide range of product, including notebooks, desktops, servers, networking, printers, storage products, ink and toner, accessories, software and televisions. Dell has to perform partnerships with EMC to Promotion Vulnerable areas in storage market. It has powerful manufacturing abilities in the many regions. A wide portfolio by products has aided the dell company to provide offerings to customers, which adds constancy to its revenues. the US Army on March 2007,chose Dell company provide hardware ,servers, networking and storage in addition integration services and installation for its enterprise solutions ,hardware and information technology . Dell is one of six honourees of the Prime Minister for the contract, which is a three-year accord with two one-year extensions and buy a ceiling value of $ 5 billion. Also Dell was selected under the Armys desktop mobile computing contract to provide printers, displays, desktop, peripherals and laptops for three years (Datamonitor 2008). Weaknesses Weak internal controls In August 2005 The United State started an investigation into financial reporting and accounting matters with Dell by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). As well as in August 2006, begin an investigation in the financial reporting and accounting issues in the company directed its Auditing accounting Committee. In addition, the Attorney in United States for the Southern District on New York to subpoenaed all documentation relating for the dell companys financial reports from 2002 until the present time. Afterward, Released the company announcement of the existence of accounting errors, find evidence of misconduct and deficiency in the fiscal control environment and through Audit Committees investigation. The company is currently evaluating whether these problems require any restatements the previous financial period. As a result, in October 2007, Dell presented its past via periodically reports by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). Those reports include financial information for fiscal from 2003 until the first quarter of 2007. Accounting mistakes, proof of misconduct, and to fail control in the financial environment, reflecting to weaken internal controls and the reduction of investor confidence in the companys management (Datamonitor 2008). Product recalls According to dell company data it is possible for these batteries to overheat, which could pose a risk of fire. The company was forced to withdraw several products due to quality issues in the recent period. The company announced on August 2006 to withdraw 4.1 million for laptop batteries because to fire risk. These batteries made Dell-branded based with Sony cells. the company offered in December 2005 substitution batteries by some models such as Dell Precision, Dell Latitude and notebook computers by Dell Inspiron because quality issues. In addition, 2004 the company recalled several further products in previous years because problems in the quality, containing printers, AC adapters and Auto-Air power adapters also batteries between 2000 and 2001. In the past few years several product which reflects weak quality function on company Dell (Datamonitor 2008). Testing and Quality operations processes are too applied tospare parts, componentsand subassemblies obtainedby third party suppliers. Dell recently forced to withdraw products because of quality issues, and this means that Dell may not be fully capable of achieving success in achievingat own ambition quality. Product recalls weaken the confidence of customers for products, and increase the advantage of competitors to Dell. Opportunities Acquisitions In 2007, Dell companies have gained many new companies, projects and alsolong-term plans to further acquisitions in the future. Dell made a deal for the private sector Silverback Technologies in July 2007, to provide services through the provision of a platform for the management of infrastructure forIT and remote monitoring devices such as notebook computers, desktop servers, networks and storage. The following month, made ZING systems an agreement with Dell.This agreement allows Dell to use the capacities ZING continue to improve entertainment experience that offers its customers (Datamonitor 2008). performance and optimal solutions in default ISCSI Storage Area Network (SAN), and this would strengthen the Dell product and channel leadership in simplifying andIT solutions for clients at the global level, ISCSI SAN knowledge and technology the fastest growing part of the business volume. As well as at the same time, Dell completed a deal with the Express Company for the services of licensing, as soon as possible, software and software solutions and asset management. In December 2007, Dell has signed an agreement to acquire the privately held with Everdream, a large provider in the field of software-as-a Service (SaaS) that is solutions and managed services from a distance and acquisitions Everdream are a key element in the strategy of Dell simplifies IT (Datamonitor 2008). Expanding PC market In 2006, total revenues to 163.8 billion U.S. dollars in world markets through the computer, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR), representing some 7.3% in the period 2002-2006. In comparison, the market grew at an annual growth rate to reach 9% and 5.1% in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, reaching the value of each to $ 62 billion and $ 41.1 billion between 2002 and 2006 and also, increase the size of a CAGR of 10.8% in the period from 2002 to 2006 the consumption of the market, in 2006, achieving a total of 184 million units. It is expected to grow to market size of 260.8 million units in the year-end 2011 and annual growth rate of 7.2% in the period between 2006till 2011 (Datamonitor 2008). In 2006, the total revenues of 123.1 billion dollars, equivalent to 66.9% of its value in the public markets for sales of the desktop, although the sales of laptop computers of the total income of $ 60.9 billion, representing a 33.1% of market revenue share. At the same time, it is expected to increase market performance in Europe and Asia-Pacific markets with compound annual growth rates would go up by 6.1% and 5.4% respectively, during the same period, up to the values for each of the 83.5 billion also $ 53.5 billion in 2011. It is expanding the market for the computer by allowing the company to enhance the overall revenue base (Datamonitor 2008). New retail agreements Dell company entries of new agreements for retail customers to enable greater access obtain Dell products. In September 2007, Dell is entering into partnership with GOME, the largest distributor of consumer electronics in China, which allows Dell to sell products to many buyers in the computer store. Also in September 2007, Dell opened its first store in Russia retail sale. In October 2007, Dell signed a deal with Staples, which means giving consumers options for the purchase of a wide range of Dell desktops, laptops, printers, ink, toner and observers in 1,400 Staples stores. The company has signed an agreement in November 2007, with a group Carrefour, and became the first trader to sell a comprehensive desktop computers and mobile in Europe. This agreement allows consumers to purchase Dell products in 365 Carrefour Group. In January 2008, the company achieved in the retail trade agreements with theDSG as well as dell made agreement with Tesco, the retailer with international operations in Asia and Europe (Datamonitor 2008). Threats Counterfeit goods Serious threats to the Dell in the market segments of contraband goods, and the black market in 2006, a significant increase in counterfeit products on the black market and smuggling of goods made in China and Hong Kong, where the total value of goods via mainland China and Hong Kong, a significant increase 96.3% to $ 125.6 million in the mainland, and 61.9% to reach 9.4 million in Hong Kong, although the products on the black market of lower quality in most cases is much cheaper and which affect the income of the companys long-term (Datamonitor 2008). The WEEE and ROHS directive At the beginning of August 2005, the EU market to be fiscally responsible for the implementation of its obligations under the WEEE legislation. Which makes producers of electrical goods, including computers, printers, and financially responsible for the disposal and treatment, and the collection and recycling of electrical product in the past and the future. In December 2006, the Parliament of the United Kingdom to introduce a bill to implement the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, however, the United Kingdom in January 2007, entered into force. In addition China in February 2006, issued a regulation to combat pollution (Datamonitor 2008). And Dell and non-compliance with new environmental legislation can lead to great responsibility and fines. In July 2006, and the reduction of hazardous substances (ROHS) Directive in an effective manner in order to impose restrictions on the use of Dell six hazardous materials, this material is used to produce various kinds of electrical and electronic equipment, which means that the complexity of purchasing and product design(Datamonitor 2008). Economic deceleration in the Euro zone and United States According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the economic field in the euro area and the United States and are the most important market for Dell. Is expected to slow in 2008 due to the recent turmoil in financial markets, in 2008, is expected to International Monetary Fund (IMF) of the United States economic growth to reduce from 0.9% to 1.9% for the slow growth in the euro zone to 2.1%, as well as reduced growth in the United Kingdom, between 3.1% in 2007 to 2.3% in 2008 (Datamonitor 2008). Economic slowdown in the euro area and the United States could lead to a reduction in spending on information technology, and this negative impact on demand for Dell products (Datamonitor 2008). SWOT Analysis-Dell The Internal factors S W for Dell Company. The External factors O T for Dell Company. The Internal MICRO Environment Micro-environment, an area in which they interact in the organization is often on a daily basis, and any change in the microenvironment can affect the organization very quickly, sometimes very large, and is more regulation, and microenvironment composed of an impact on the competitive environment (Stonehouse, Hamill, Campbell and Purdie, 2000). Porters Five Forces model was used to analyse the internal micro environment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Source: M40EKM IS/IT Change Management, lecture 1.6 Internal Analysis of the Firm @ Dr R K Balià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Porters Five Forces According to Finlay P (2000), Porters 5 Forces are used undertake a structural analysis of the industry to assess the forces that are acting on it and within it for the business to be profitable. These forces can be classified in five steps as follows: Threat of New Entrants The exceptional growth for computers and servers lead to attract new entrants to the marketplace. In addition, raise sharply competition in the manufacture. The computer manufacture is highly competitive because it is consumer goods and Cause the demand increase that is availability of technology and slight scope for differentiation of the products. The Difficulties and barriers for entry of New Entrants by: Lowest price. The company Brand name. The loyalty for customer. Customer service is Award. Customization Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is low down in the computer component manufacturing. Consumers have just two choices for Windows-based PCs or PCs Apples Macintosh, meanwhile, the cost price of switching between two systems are significant and high cost price, and lack of programs and software support avoid public people from changing to Apple system. Strong attendance of PCs the whole time the world .on the other hand, Server has no available substitutes. Bargaining Power of Customers Consumers have a significant quantity of power inside the PC market. In addition, PCs have grown to be commodities requiring seller to keep competitive prices in classify to retain clients. In addition, approximately all providers allow customers to customize the PC to competition in customers needs. As result, nearly all PCs have the similar components, plus of innovative technology to a market, in that way limiting some of the consumers power, Resulting in Dell products is very Reliability, sensitive High price cost and customer service outstanding very important factors to make positive brand loyalty, that mean If the prices was increased too high, the customers will be switching. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Dell suppliers do not include a high class of bargaining power so that dell always dictates the provisos and schedules within delivery .as well, in an manufacturing that is characterize by countless suppliers and small number of dominant buyers of hardware computer that are individually small value and undifferentiated, Supplier does not have a high potential for bargaining power, Suppliers hold considerable power in the computer component and hardware industry. Besides Intels grip on the market has reduced slightly with the appearance of AMD also the operating system Microsoft is used in PCs worldwide. Intensity of Competition The relative are low of competitors in the computers and servers markets, the competition on high level particularly in the computer market. However, dell evolve different selling strategies in the midst of competition, Dell will be still gain market Share from other competitors. Dell realized that with competition, returns of cost and margins inevitably becomes down. However, there was an impending pressure to keep up margins with forming its unique direct model. DELL future directions Dell has characteristic competencies in a number of regions, it has business models flexible, plus company dell at IT flexible and is able to be flexible with regard into its decision-making in various areas within the dell company, and this has contributed to an important position as a leader in the market for more of products in the global market for computers and servers. Dell on the right track for success, but if the dell company want to maintains and develop its position so that it needed to progress the services provided to customers and promoting innovation for the company , as well as protect its brand of which continue to construct confidence amongst its consumers, Its make progress also in the evaluation process separately in each section of the company, and measuring the influence of each to ensure better and that its must centre on IS/ IT strategy, which has grown to be a key element that would achieve the success or failure. It is important on long term for the company not just succeeds, but it maintains its achievement and success. DELL strategic position in relation to the market Dells strategy of global in small and medium business offers a wide range of IT services that help to create business customers and channel partners, planning, implementation and management of IT for consumers, and install, protect and maintain computers and accessories. Service solutions assist consumers simplify IT, and achieve maximum reliability, performance and cost-effectiveness at IT operations. Through fiscal 2008, dell obtains a number of services and technologies through strategic capabilities, acquisitions for certain firms. These are usage to build-out capacity on service. Meanwhile, Dell Company realizes to be aid to customers is necessary in the implementation of marketing strategies as well as enable it to construct a buyer base. First through the establishment of the infrastructure of the Internet for booking and orders associated activities was able to raise its buyer base of obtainable markets Dell Company has been able to improve marketing strategies in new branch as well as using the similar infrastructure. However, Dell makes different its tactics in marketing this is why the company has recognized sales storage and branch manufacturing outlets throughout North America, Europe, South America and Asia. This is way dell able to measure the need of local customer, same as the desired services. Dell shares the position of shipping 40 million units for the year 2007, which led to global computers share position of 14.9%. After his leadership of the PC market in all parts of the globe over the past six years, Dell has fallen to second place in the year 2007. A slight decrease in shipments of the computers desktop in all parts of the global as well was an issue in the loss at all parts dell of the global computer share position ; computer desktop shipments in all parts of the global by 5% in year 2007. Net proceeds of fiscal 2008, an increase of 6 per cent year-over-year at $61.1 billion dollars, for unit shipments up 5% year-on-year, compared with fiscal 2007 net income increased by 3% year-on-year at $57.4 billion dollars on the growth and unity of more than 2% of fiscal 2006 net income amounted at $ 55.8 billion dollars. However, Asia pacific Japan increased grew from 2007 at 12% to 2008 at 15%; Europe, Middle East and Africa increased by 2007 and 2008 become to 6% and 12%. (MarketWatch 2008) Conclusion and Recommendation Information technology is growing rapidly and permeates a lot of areas and it is now of the big competitive manufacturing in the world. With the improvement of IS/IT the laptop, PC and storage industry have become most efficient, profitable and Dell is one of the leading companies in this area. * Converting consumers who visit the Dell website via the Internet to customers to increase sales, and should give equal significance to the retail stores, compared with sales through the Internet. * Must monitoring the IS/IT goals are to be seen at the highest level like as general monitoring of the business. * Dells leading customer support services recently has decreased. There should be after-sales service to customers better and customer service representatives with experience and Trained so that raise in customer loyalty, through the improvement of this part of the Dell business can differentiate itself from its competitors. * Dell has achieved great success in direct sales model for the customized to Consumer Products. However, Dell maintains an only one source association with chip Intel Company, which limits the options available to the consumer. Those who prefer to work on computers with AMD chips. The company should provide more configuration options through the establishment of supplier relations further. There is one important caveat. Dell should be following up the relations with those suppliers who are able for integrate easily with Supply Chain dell company. * It is critical that top management makes predisposition for enough funding for IS/IT. * Should be improved and more invest for RD to make continue innovation. * It needs to further assess and study deeply by Top management of available resources, as support the implementation of IS/IT. * A long-term should be predisposition by the management for examination, alteration and realization of the Strategy that is chosen. References 1- Wendy Currie (1995) Management strategy: I.T., An international perspective. 2- Wendy Robson (1997) Strategic Management and Information Systems: An Integrated Approach. 2nd edn. 3- Derek Rollinson (2002) organizational behaviour and analysis. 2nd edn. 4- Chief Executive Group, LLC (2001) Previous CEO of the Year Honors [online] available from [2009]. 5- Philip E. Atkinson (1997) Creating culture change: the key to successful total quality management: Rushmere Wynne. 6- Storehouse, G., Hamil, J., Campbell, D. and Purdie, T. (2000) Global and Transnational Business: Strategy and Management. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 7- Dell Inc. (2008). DATA MONITOR: Dell Inc. Available: https://www.datamonitor.com/store/Product/dell_inc?productid=8E2C53C7-29AC-4848-9511-9B752758E3B4. Last accessed 10 Jan 2010. 8- Dell Inc. (2009). Dell Inc. Annual Report. Available: https://content.dell.com. Last accessed 10 Jan 2010. 9- Dell Inc. (2009). DATA MONITOR: Dell Inc. Available: https://www.datamonitor.com/store/Product/dell_inc?productid=8E2C53C7-29AC-4848-9511-9B752758E3B4. Last accessed 10 Jan 2010. 10- Marketwatch. (Oct2008).company spotlight: Dell Inc. . 7 (10), p33-34, 2p.

Modern Day America By John Milton s Paradise Lost Essay

When the â€Å"Founding Fathers† of America laid the foundation of the United States, they strove to create a society in which â€Å"all men are created equal† (Jefferson, n.p.). Despite this noble ideology, however, the subordinate status of women at the time as well as a booming slave trade prevented our nation from truly achieving this utopian vision. Now, over 200 years later, modern-day America still struggles in achieving true equality for all citizens. While women in the United States have inched closer to equality than ever before and appear to possess the same rights as men, underlying issues persist. Lingering concepts of traditional gender roles, a disturbing sexual double standard effectively encouraging â€Å"rape culture,† and the fact that women still receive less than men for the same vocation combine to prevent true equality of the sexes even today. Various literary, musical, and visual forms of art reinforce and perpetuate notions of female inferiority in the minds of many individuals using a plethora of techniques. John Milton’s Paradise Lost (1667, 1674) and Temptation of Adam and Eve (1425) by Masolino, for example, appear to accomplish this by tying sexism to the Fall of humanity in the Garden of Eden. On one hand, both Milton’s epic poem and Masolino’s Fresco point to the idea that Eve, and therefore woman, should be blamed for original sin. However, the Biblical account of original sin in Genesis and Milton’s emphasis on free will in multiple writings implyShow MoreRelated A Jewish Reading of Milton Essay3143 Words   |  13 PagesA Jewish Reading of Milton John Milton produced some of the most memorable Christian texts in English literature. Central pieces of Milton’s work, including Paradise Lost and Samson Agonistes, specifically allude to stories that Judaism and Christianity hold in common. 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The Effects Of Bright Light Therapy On Improvement Of...

The Effects of Bright Light Therapy on Improvement of Postpartum Depression Significance of Problem Estimates of the prevalence of postpartum depression range from 13% to 19% (O Hara McCabe, 2013). However, major depressive episodes may go undiagnosed in 65% of pregnant women ( (Ko, Farr, Dietz, Robbins, 2012). It is important for pregnant women and new mothers to undergo depression screening to be diagnosed and treated early if they are experiencing any symptoms of depression. Depression during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of inadequate nutrition, poor weight gain, inadequate prenatal care, preterm birth, surgical birth and low birth weight babies (Wirz-Justice, et al., 2011). The newborns have a higher rate of neonatal intensive care admissions and increased risk of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorders (Wirz-Justice, et al., 2011). The current methods of treatment for postpartum depression include antidepressant medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants, and/or psychotherapy. However, there is a certain amount of risk when taken during pregnancy and lactation. These medications are a pregnancy category C and SSRIs, have been shown to have a slight risk of heart and lung birth defects (Reefhuis, Devine, Friedman, Louik, Honein, 2015). In breastfeeding mothers, all psychiatric medications are secreted in breastmilk, and someShow MoreRelatedDifferent Methods Of Preventing Vitamin D Deficiency And Seasonal Affective Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorder is a mood disorder characterized by depression, which occurs around the same time every year (Partonen, 1998). It is hypothesized that being deficient in vitamin D is a reason for having seasonal affective disorder. We have researched four different methods of preventing vitamin D deficiency and seasonal affective disorder. The most used methods of achieving adequate vitamin D levels were found to be indoor tanning, natural light, light the rapy and vitamin D supplementation. This researchRead MoreMedical Test with Answers Essay example16933 Words   |  68 Pages Obtain early treatment with antiviral agents to prevent cardiac manifestations. The client should look for the early signs of localized Lyme disease known as erythema migrans, a skin lesion that slowly expands to form a large round lesion with a bright red border and clear center (B) at the site of the tick bite. A tick should be removed with tweezers by pulling straight from its insertion away from the skin, and not compressing its body or covering it with oil (A). Lyme disease is caused by theRead MoreComprehensive 1 Essay18452 Words   |  74 Pages  Obtain early treatment with antiviral agents to prevent cardiac manifestations. The client should look for the early signs of localized Lyme disease known as erythema migrans, a skin lesion that slowly expands to form a large round lesion with a bright red border and clear center (B) at the site of the tick bite. A tick should be removed with tweezers by pulling straight from its insertion away from the skin, and not compressing its body or covering it with oil (A). Lyme disease is caused by the

Essay on The Development Relief and Education for Alien...

Undocumented students are unable to further their education after completing the public education system. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) was created by a proposal to cease penalizing children of illegal immigrants who were brought over to the United States by their parents at an early age. The DREAM Act includes many requirements that are necessary to be considered an applicant. The DREAM Act must be implemented in order to provide hard-working individuals greater opportunities, due to the fact that undocumented students are discriminated by cause of their illegal status. Over sixty-five thousand undocumented high school students graduate each year. Many undocumented students drop out of high†¦show more content†¦In addition to attending college, they must serve two years in the armed forces. The DREAM Act helps provide undocumented students financial assistance when attending college. Being undocumented presents many challenges i n education. 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Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective Free Essays

Pakistan-Table A – Chronology of Important Events Pakistan Index Period Description ANCIENT EMPIRES ca. 2500-1600 B. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indus Valley culture ca. 1500-500 B. C. Migrations of Indo-Aryan- speaking tribes; the Vedic Age. ca. 563-483 B. C. Life of Siddartha Gautama–the Buddha; founding of Buddhism. ca. 321-180 B. C. Mauryan Empire; reign of Ashoka (r. ca. 274-236 B. C. ); spread of Buddhism. ca. 180 B. C. -A. D. 150 Saka dynasties in Indus Valley. ca. A. D. 78-ca. 200 Kushan Empire; Gandharan art flourishes. ca. A. D. 319-ca. 600 Gupta Empire; classical age in northern India. COMING OF ISLAM 711 Muhammad bin Qasim, an Arab general, conquers Sindh and incorporates it into Umayyad Caliphate. 1001-1030 Mahmud of Ghazni raids Indian subcontinent from Afghanistan. 1192 Muhammad of Ghor defeats Rajputs. 1206-1526 Delhi Sultanate. 1398 Timur destroys Delhi. THE MUGHAL PERIOD 1526 Babur defeats last Lodhi sultan in first Battle of Panipat, thus laying foundation of Mughal Empire. 1556 Akbar victorious in second Battle of Panipat. 1556-1605 Reign of Akbar. 1605-27 Reign of Jahangir; in 1612 East India Company opens first trading post (factory). 1628-58 Reign of Shah Jahan, builder of Taj Mahal. 1658-1707 Reign of Aurangzeb, last great Mughal ruler. 1707-1858 Lesser emperors; decline of Mughal Empire. BRITISH PERIOD 1757 Battle of Plassey and British victory over Mughal forces in Bengal; conventional date for beginning of British rule in India. 799-1839 Sikh kingdom established in Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. 1830s Institution of British education and other reform measures. 1838-42 First Anglo-Afghan War. 1843 British annex Sindh, Hyderabad, and Khairpur. 1845-49 Sikh Wars; British annex Punjab; Kashmir sold to Dogra Dynasty, to be ruled under British paramountcy. 1857-58 Uprising, variously known as Indian Mutiny, Sepoy Rebellion, and by Indian nationalists as First War of Independence. 858 East India Company dissolved; rule of India under British crown (the British Raj) begins; marks formal end of Mughal Empire. 1878-80 Second Anglo-Afghan War. 1885 Indian National Congress formed. 1893 Durand Line established as boundary between Afghanistan and British India. 1905 Partition of Bengal. 1906 All-India Muslim League founded. 1909 Morley-Minto Reforms establish separate electorates for Muslims. 911 Partition of Bengal annulled. 1916 Congress-Muslim League Pact (often referred to as Lucknow Pact) signed. 1919 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms; Third Anglo-Afghan War. 1935 Government of India Act of 1935. 1940 Muslim League adopts â€Å"Pakistan Resolution† demanding separate nation for Muslims of India. â€Å"Two Nations Theory† articulated by Muslim League leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others. 1946 August Muslim League observes â€Å"Direct Action Day. Widespread communal rioting spreads to many parts of India. 1947 June Legislation introduced in British Parliament calling for independence and partition of India; communal rioting and mass movements of po pulation begin, resulting in next months in 250,000 deaths and up to 24 million refugees. INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN 1947 August Partition of British India; India achieves independence and incorporates West Bengal and Assam; Pakistan is created and incorporates East Bengal (East Wing, or East Pakistan) and territory in the northwest (West Wing, or West Pakistan); Jinnah becomes governor general of Pakistan; Liaquat Ali Khan becomes prime minister. October Start of first Indo-Pakistani War over sovereignty of Kashmir. 1948 September Jinnah dies; Khwaja Nazimuddin becomes governor general. 1949 January United Nations-arranged cease- fire between Pakistan and India takes effect. 1951 October Liaquat assassinated; Nazimuddin becomes prime minister; Ghulam Mohammad becomes governor general. 1955 August Ghulam Mohammad resigns; succeeded by Iskander Mirza. October One Unit Plan establishes the four provinces of West Pakistan as one administrative unit. 1956 March Constitution adopted; Mirza becomes president. 1958 October Mirza abrogates constitution and declares martial law; Mirza sent into exile; Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA) General Mohammad Ayub Khan assumes presidency. 1965 August Start of second Indo-Pakistani War over Kashmir. 1969 March Martial law declared; Ayub Khan resigns; CMLA General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan ssumes presidency. 1970 July One Unit Plan abolished; four provinces reestablished in West Pakistan. December First general elections; Awami League under Mujib secures absolute majority in new National Assembly; West Pakistan-dominated government declines to convene assembly. 1971 March East Pakistan attempts to secede, beginning civil war; Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Mujib), imprisoned in West Pakistan, declared provisional president. April Formal declaration of independence of Bangladesh issued; Mujib named pres ident. December Pakistan launches preemptive air strikes against India; India invades East Pakistan; India recognizes Bangladesh; Pakistani military forces in East Pakistan surrender to Indian armed forces, marking Bangladeshi independence; Yahya Khan resigns; Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes CMLA and president. 1972 July Bhutto and India’s prime minister, Indira Gandhi, conclude Simla Agreement, adjusting 1949 cease-fire line between Pakistan and India and creating new line of control. 1973 August New constitution goes into effect; Bhutto becomes prime inister. 1976 February Pakistan and Bangladesh establish diplomatic relations. 1977 March General elections; massive victory by Bhutto’s party evokes widespread rioting and protest. July Army chief of staff, General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, appoints himself CMLA and proclaims martial law. 1978 September Mohammad Zia ul-Haq becomes nation’s sixth president, replacing Fazal Elahi Chaudhry. 1979 February Islamic penal code introduce d. April Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged. November Mob storms and burns down United States Embassy in Islamabad, killing two Americans and two Pakistani employees; United States cultural centers in Rawalpindi and Lahore also torched; attacks in response to Iranian-inspired rumors that United States citizens responsible for November 20 attack on Grand Mosque in Mecca. December Large-scale movements of Soviet troops and military equipment into Afghanistan. 1980 January United States president Jimmy Carter pledges military assistance to help Pakistan defend itself against Soviet hreat; Carter offers US$400 million, rejected by Zia as â€Å"peanuts. † 1983 August President Zia ul-Haq announces that martial law will be lifted in 1985 but warns that army will retain key role in future governments. 1985 January Non-Islamic banking abolished. February General elections held for National Assembly. March Mohammad Khan Junejo invited by Zia to form civilian cabinet. July Economy declared to be in conformity with Islam. 1986 Augu st Movement for the Restoration f Democracy (MRD) launches campaign against government, demanding new general elections; Benazir Bhutto arrested in Karachi. December New federal cabinet sworn into office by President Zia with Mohammad Khan Junejo continuing as prime minister. May Prime Minister Junejo expands federal government to include five new ministers and three new ministers of state; President Zia dismisses Junejo government, dissolves national and provincial assemblies, and orders new elections to be held within ninety days. August Zia, the United States mbassador to Pakistan, and top army officials killed in mysterious airplane crash near Bahawalpur in Punjab; Ghulam Ishaq Khan, chairman of Senate, sworn in as acting president; General Mirza Aslam Beg becomes chief of the army staff. October Salman Rushdie’s novel, The Satanic Verses, banned in Pakistan; joint United States- Pakistani investigatory committee concludes that Zia’s death was caused by â€Å"crim inal act of sabotage. † November Elections held for National Assembly; Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) wins ninety-three out of 207 seats contested. December Benazir Bhutto sworn in as first female prime minister of a Muslim nation; PPP and MQM parties sign â€Å"Karachi Declaration,† an accord to restore peace in Sindh; Pakistan and India sign accords at South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit in Islamabad, including agreement not to attack each other’s nuclear facilities. June Combined Opposition Parties (COP), consisting of most opposition groups, formed in National Assembly, with Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi as leader. February Soviet Union completes withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan. September Pakistan’s largest ever military exercise, Zarb- e – Momin (Sword of the Faithful), commences. October Pakistan rejoins Commonwealth of Nations. December Ethnic riots in Sindh claim scores of lives. 1990 May-June Ethnic troubles mount in Sindh; rift develops between PPP and coalition partners. August President Ghulam Ishaq Khan di smisses Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, her cabinet, and National Assembly; orders new elections for October 24, 1990; Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi becomes caretaker prime inister. October United States president George Bush is unable to deliver annual certification that Pakistan does not possess nuclear weapons as condition of continued assistance and arms and technology transfers, leading to cutoff of most aid. National elections held; Bhutto’s PPP loses to coalition of rightist parties. November Mian Nawaz Sharif elected prime minister. 1991 February Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif liberalizes economy, lifts controls on foreign currency entering country, and announces policies to encourage new investment; numerous pro-Iraq emonstrations and widespread public opposition to Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s support of Desert Storm but pro-United Nations stance reiterated. May Shariat Bill is adopted by National Assembly. July Opposition members call upon president to dismiss government because of deteriorating law and order situation, particularly in Sindh. 1992 December Babri Mosque in Ayodya, India, destroyed by Hindu fundamentalists seeking to build Hindu temple on contested site; communal violence mounts over incident; Pakistan asks Indian government to protect Muslims in India. 993 April President Ishaq Khan dismisses government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, citing corruption. July President Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif resign under pressure from military; World Bank officer, Moeen Qureshi, named caretaker prime minister pending elections in October. October Benazir Bhutto’s PPP wins s lim margin in national elections and builds coalition government; Benazir appointed prime minister. November PPP stalwart, Farooq Leghari, defeats acting President Wassim Sajjad and becomes president. Data as of April 1994 How to cite Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective, Essay examples

Theoretical Framework on Information Technology and Systems

Questions: 1. Three ways to approach systems security risk.2. Four international business strategies in the digital world by Valacich.3. Knowledge Worker in terms of todays business environment.4. Reviewing.www.informationweek.comwww.itwire.comwww.delimiter.com.auwww.computerworld.com.au5. Primary and secondary storage.6. Four services available from a network.7. List and explain three benefits of using extranets.8. List and describe the five typical revenue models for e-commerce.9. What are the advantages of storing information in a relational database using a database management system (DBMS)?10. Contrast technological safeguards and human safeguards in information systems security. Answers: 1. Three ways to approach systems security risk: IT risk administration as of now plays more imperative part in very nearly all parts of contemporary associations' usefulness.(Rot, 2008) It requires dependable and cyclical acknowledgment of its key assignment which is risk investigation. The three ways to approach systems security risk can be: Risk Evaluation: Identifying the probability of it occurring.(Rot, 2008) Examining the consequences if it should occur. (Rot, 2008) Assessing the Risk. (Rot, 2008) Quantitative Approach: where estimation of risk worth is joined with application of numerical measures estimation of assets is characterized in sums, the recurrence of danger event in the quantity of cases, and vulnerability by the estimation of likelihood of its misfortune, those strategies present results fit as a fiddle of marker (Rot, 2008) Qualitative Approach: Which don't work on numerical information, displaying results as depictions, proposals. (Rot, 2008) 2. The four international business strategies in the digital world by Valacich are: Outsourcing: If an association in a far off area can perform a bit of a business' administrations better and less expensive, employ that association. As such, its no longer judicious or important for the greater part of a business' administrations to be performed in one area, or under one top. Supply Chains: Find the gear and supplies expected to achieve business objectives effectively and monetarily by utilizing worldwide, not simply nearby, sources. Consulting: so as to contend in a level world, it may bode well for organizations to counsel data benefits that can exhort them on the most proficient method to end up worldwide. For illustration, Infosys Technologies counsels with customers inside eighteen commercial ventures, running from the aeronautic trade, to health awareness, training, and utilities commercial ventures. Employment: To contract the best and the brightest, look for workers from nations around the world, or utilization the livelihood acquirement administrations of a worldwide occupation administrations. 3. Knowledge Worker in terms of todays business environment: When we attempt to characterize administration, our first thought is typically of a chief who involves a part and who has power over individuals.(McCrimmon, 2010) Be that as it may on account of knowledge workers, who oversee themselves, administration is seen as a process, one which can captivate everybody.(McCrimmon, 2010) Consequently, when we characterize administration as a part, we limit it to something that alludes to supervisors just. Such a definition is not just a restricting one, it is one that does not represent the route in which work and obligation has changed. (McCrimmon, 2010) Mechanical age associations were formal progressive systems that alloted particular parts to workers. The spotlight on parts put all force in the hands of administrators, who administered workers by arranging, sorting out and controlling their work. This is basically what made administration a top-down, limiting capacity.(McCrimmon, 2010) 4. Reviewing: www.informationweek.comwww.itwire.comwww.delimiter.com.auwww.computerworld.com.au According to the website https://www.informationweek.com/ Cyber security seems to be the topic of most discussions, whether it be on computers, mobiles, tablets or even cloud computing. (https://www.informationweek.com/) On https://www.itwire.com/ I was personally most intrigued by the launch of Windows 10 operating system, they will have a live preview of it.(https://www.itwire.com/) The most important announcement on https://delimiter.com.au/ would have to be its closure. After a successful stint online, the website seems to have run its course and has decided to shut shop. (https://delimiter.com.au/) Virtual Reality, especially the use of glasses seemed to be the burning topic in the case of https://www.computerworld.com.au/ after Google had announced its virtual reality glasses, it seems Microsoft is going to beat Google at this game, as it has announced its soon to be launched HoloLens.( https://www.computerworld.com.au/) 5. Primary and secondary storage: Primary memory storages are impermanent; whereas the secondary storage is lasting. Primary memory is costly and littler, where as secondary memory is less expensive and bigger Primary memory storages are speedier, where as secondary storages are slower. Primary memory storages are associated through information transports to CPU, where as the secondary storages are join through information links to CPU 6. Four services available from a network: There are various diverse system administrations, for example, directory services is an arrangement of programming that sorts out, stores and gives availability to data inside the machine registry working frameworks instant messaging is a class of online talk known for offering content transmission of ongoing through the web video on demand are the frameworks permitting the clients for selecting and viewing substance of feature or listening substance of sound focused around distinctive decisions Simple network management protocol is a convention of web standard for the administration of gadget on the systems of IT. 7. List and explain three benefits of using extranets: An extranet can increase the value of your organization by helping you impart and work together all the more successfully with customers, clients, and accomplices.(AllBusiness, n.d) Especially in the business-to-business showcase, an extranet can give your organization an edge over the opposition and spare you cash by streamlining conventional business capacities and cutting overhead expenses. (AllBusiness, n.d) Extranets offer little organizations numerous different points of interest: Expanded profit. As you robotize forms that were generally done physically, bottlenecks will vanish and your organization's gainfulness will increment. Basic data won't lose all sense of direction via the post office or covered in an email inbox, and occupied workers won't miss or overlook key occasions. An extranet can, for instance, screen business exercises and trigger particular activities, for example, consequently submitting a request with a supplier when your stock drops beneath a certain level. (AllBusiness, n.d) Lessened room for give and take. An extranet can decrease your safety buffer, particularly when you utilize it to give particular gatherings access to inner applications. This could include something as basic as giving clients access to their request histories, or something as mind boggling as transforming requests from merchants and suppliers. (AllBusiness, n.d) Adaptability. When you utilize an extranet to make data and applications accessible to accomplices, customers, and clients, everybody can work when and where its generally advantageous. This serve toward oneself methodology liberates you from unnecessary gatherings and telephone tag, and it eliminates the expenses connected with in-individual data trades. Case in point, an extranet may permit you to give client administration data outside of general business hours.(AllBusiness, n.d) 8. List and describe the five typical revenue models for e-commerce value recommendation - how an organization's item or administration satisfies the needs of clients. Ordinary e-trade quality recommendations incorporate personalization, customization, accommodation, and decrease of item pursuit and value conveyance costs. revenue model - how the organization arrangements to profit from its operations. Real e-business income models incorporate the publicizing model, membership model, exchange expense model, deals model, and subsidiary model. market opportunity - the income potential inside an organization's expected marketspace. competitive environment-the immediate and aberrant contenders working together in the same marketspace, including what number of there are and how beneficial they are. competitive point of interest - the elements that separate the business from its rival, empowering it to give a predominant item. 9. Emulating are a percentage of the favourable circumstances of utilizing a database over a customary record transforming framework: Potential for implementing measures. (nrttechnology, n.d) (nrttechnology, n.d) Lessened application improvement time. (nrttechnology, n.d) Accessibility of progressive data to all clients. (nrttechnology, n.d) Economies of scale.(nrttechnology, n.d) 10. Contrast technological safeguards and human safeguards in information systems security Technological safeguards are the steps implemented by associations to secure equipment and programming parts of data frameworks. There are three noteworthy levels where this protection is connected and this is distinguishing proof and verification, malware security and encryption and firewalls. Recognizable proof and confirmation includes systems, for example, utilization of biometric information, single sign-on and utilization of smartcards. These are technological developments which are connected to secure data security in associations. An illustration is the utilization of biometric information where human body parts, for example, fingerprints and retina are utilized to validate clients. Human safeguards are steps implemented by associations to protect the data framework security, and they include control of individuals who access the data framework. Human safeguards include different levels of managing the human asset and they incorporate procuring and screening, position definition, scattering and implementation and end. Position definition permits clients to have employment titles with comparing security rights while spread and implementation guarantees that all staff are mindful of strategies took after when getting to the framework. End includes change in representatives obligations while contracting and screening distinguishes workers who represent a danger to the association. Screening of workers through record verifications against law requirement organizations when procuring is an illustration of human protect in data security. References: AllBusiness (n.d) Benefits of Extranets, [Online], Available: https://www.allbusiness.com/technology/computer-networking/1283-1.html [22 January 2015]. McCrimmon, M. (2010) A NEW ROLE FOR MANAGEMENT IN TODAYS POST-INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION , August, [Online], Available: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/leadership/a-new-role-for-management-in-todays-post-industrial-organization#.VMCnTC6pfQE [22 January 2015]. nrttechnology (n.d) DBMS, [Online], Available: https://www.nrtechnology.com/education/database/lecture%201/lecture%201.htm [22 January 2015]. Rot, A. (2008) 'IT Risk Assessment: Quantitative and Qualitative Approach', World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, San Francisco, USA.

Human Resource Management Affecting Employee Engagement

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Affecting Employee Engagement. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an approach that helps business organisations in managing their human resources/workforces/employees and optimising their performances by using concepts, such as performance management, training and development, compensation and benefits, career planning and management, selection and recruitment, etc. In the present day world, due to the spread of globalisation, the competition between business organisations has reached a global level. The competition is so fierce that only the toughest can survive in the long run. In such a scenario, it has become very difficult for companies to rely upon business operations and processes to achieve market competencies as they can be easily replicated. In such conditions, business organisations can only rely upon their human resources that can help them in achieving market competencies. Therefore, it has become very important for business organisations to optimise the performance of the employees by improving the work conditions for them because competitive and productive employees will help the company in achieving its organisational goals and objectives. Management of human resources in multinational companies is becoming difficult than ever. With the rise in opportunities for the talented workforce and due to the spread of globalisation, attracting and retaining global talent has become one of the key issues that haunts almost all the companies. Further, it has also become difficult to keep the employees engaged so that they could remain productive and competitive. In this assignment, we will discuss a number of ways in which companies can ensure better employee engagement so that the global talent can be attracted and retained within the organisations. Literature Review Employee Engagement Employee engagement is about creating opportunities for employees that can help them to connect with their co-workers, managers and the organisation in a better way. Some also consider employee engagement as creating an environment where the employees are motivated to work harder and be connected with their work and the organisation on the while. An engaged employee tries his or her best to optimise the performance of the whole unit and contribute more towards the success of organisational goals and objectives (MacLeod and Clarke, n.d.). Retaining And Attracting Employees In Mncs Companies these days are spending millions of dollars every year to manage their human resources in the best possible way. Human resource management departments are arranging for training and development programs for the employees and are trying their level best to increase their competencies. In multinational companies, there are expatriates (employees working away from their home countries) who have specially designed compensations benefits, training programs, etc. When such employees leave an organisation, it acts as a huge loss for the companies. First of all, the company loses its talent that it has been trying to develop over a period of time. Secondly, the resources invested by the company go in vain as the employees leave the organisation. Thirdly, they create vacancies and it is a complex task to fill up the vacancies through internal as well as external recruiting. Lastly, high labour turnover rates are always a nightmare for the companies as they can damage the market rep utation of the company. Thus, it has become really important for the business organisations to retain their employees. At some point of time, companies have to recruit new staff to meet the demands of the human resources of various departments in the organisation. Companies can either recruit new staff through internal recruitment methods, such as promotions, transfers, re-employment, etc. or they can chose external recruitment methods, such as campus recruitment, job portals, recruitment through professional recruiters, etc. When the companies go for recruitment in the market, it is their reputation which attracts the capable candidates to apply for the vacant jobs. If the company has a good market reputation it will be able to attract a greater pool of talent whereas if it does not have a good reputation in the market, it would not be able to attract a good pool of talent. If a company is not able to attract candidates to work for its organisation, it would become very difficult to fill up the vacant positions in the organisation. Therefore, it is important for business organisations to be able to retain as well as to attract a good pool of talented employees (Buck and Watson, 2002). Employee Engagement And Staff Retaining In the past few years, the human resource management of various companies have come to realize that employee engagement is an important concept that can help business organisations in optimising the performance of their employees (MACEY and SCHNEIDER, 2008). Engaging the employees helps business organisations in making the employees more committed towards their jobs and the organisation. When the employees demonstrate greater commitment towards their jobs and the organisation, they become more loyal and they try to contribute towards the achievement of organisations strategic goals and objectives with the best of their efforts. Let us now discuss some advantages of engaging employees for an organisation: Employee satisfaction research indicates that if a company is able to engage its employees, their job satisfaction levels increase exponentially. When the employees are engaged and are satisfied with their work, they also show high loyalty towards their jobs and towards the organisation. Ultimately, they play a huge role in the fulfilment of companys strategic goals and objectives. Productive employees who are engaged turn out to be the top performers in the organisation as they are committed to go an extra mile to achieve success for them as well as for the business. With increased engagement, employees also experience greater feeling of motivation and consequently they show reduced absenteeism. HayGroup performed a research in the same field and concluded that the offices with engaged employees turned out to be 43 percent more productive (Crosby, n.d.). Retention and recruitment retaining and recruiting a good pool of talent is the key to success for all business organisations. Engaged employees can help a company in bringing down their employee turnover rates due to greater loyalty towards work and organisation. When the employees are engaged and satisfied with their jobs, they tend to stick to their organisation for a longer period of time and have a lesser tendency to quit. With high retention rates, business organisations are also able to attract new and fresh pool of talent (Duncan, 2015). Innovation keeping the employees engaged in the workplace can also help a company in fostering a creative environment in the workplace. Engaged employees show excellent performances and make the workplace interesting. The employees who are engaged with the organisation feel a greater responsibility towards the success of the organisation and they strive to create new products and services that would help the company in gaining market competencies. Profitability Companies that are able to keep its employees engaged have also shown higher profitability. It is obvious that the employees who are engaged in work will show higher efficiency and productivity, which will ultimately help in increasing the overall profitability of the company. Further, engaged employees also play an important role in bringing down the operating costs and increasing the profit margins (Duncan, 2015). Improved communication one of the key factors for the success of business organisations is a proper communication system in the workplace. It has been found that engaged employees are more likely to be open communicators than disgruntled ones. The communication will be proper and the scope for mis-communication will also decrease to a great extent (Cook, 2008). Better morale of the staff having high staff morale is also important from the view point of the company. If the staff lacks high morale, the productivity and efficiency will fall and it will become very difficult for the management to motivate them. On the other hand, if the employees are engaged, they show higher morale and it becomes easier to motivate them. They also introduce positivity in the workplace and the positive vibes shared by them helps in fostering a positive work environment (Duncan, 2015). Satisfied customers engaged employees have a number of benefits and increased customer satisfaction is another added advantage of having a pool of engaged employees. Engaged employees show higher dedication levels and are motivated enough to go an extra mile for attending the customers and solving their complaints in the best possible manner. Reduced labour turnover and absenteeism it is said that an empty mind is a devils workshop, which means that if the employees are not given challenging work or any work that interests them, their minds will start to work in a negative direction. Such employees start taking unnecessary leaves and might even quit the organisation to join a better company. If the management is able to keep the employees engaged by providing them with interesting and challenging work, it will be able to prevent their minds from being affected by negativity. As a result, the organisation will be able to being its labour turnover rates and absenteeism down (Cook, 2008). How To Engage Employees As discussed above, it has become highly important for business organisations to keep their employees engaged as they are the key to all the success that a company can achieve. As it also helps business organisations in bringing down their employee turnover rates and to attract and retain global talent, it makes it even more important for national and multinational companies to adopt strategies that would help them in increasing the levels of employee engagement in the organisation. Let us now discuss some human resource strategies that can help business organisations in increasing the level of employee engagement in the workplace: Job Enrichment job enrichment is a relatively new concept that has come up in the past few years. Job enrichment is a process that aims at providing tough and challenging work to the employees in order to keep them interested in their jobs by making the work conditions better. It has been found that boring and monotonous work can have a negative impact on the engagement and performance levels of the employees. When the employees are given the same work to do every day, they become bored of their work and tend to take unnecessary leaves. In extreme cases, the employees have also been noticed to quit organisations that do not provide them adequate work opportunities. Employees prefer an environment where they have a chance to grow and develop their careers but in absence of such an environment, they become demotivated and tend to switch to organisations that have better opportunities. On the other hand, job enrichment is an approach that makes the workplace very interesting for the employees. The employees are offered exciting tasks on regular basis, which provides them with an opportunity to test their skills and knowledge. It helps in killing their boredom and they become motivated to fulfil the responsibilities assigned to them by their seniors. As a resu lt, the employees show greater engagement, loyalty and commitment while the overall absenteeism and labour turnover rates decrease. Thus, one of the best ways to keep the employees engaged is by adopting a job enrichment strategy at the workplace (Cook, 2008). Affinity one of the basic human needs is to have a belief in something, especially when it comes to work. When the employees do not have a strong belief in what they are doing, they will definitely use their hands and feet to work but they would not dedicate their heart and mind to it. Employees who do not find affinity at their workplaces start looking for it either in the community or at home. The end result of lack of affinity or when the employees find it outside is that they bring their hands and feet to work but they leave behind their mind and heart i.e. they are physically present during the work but are mentally absent. Organisations that have the ability to provide affinity to their employees have outperformed the ones which have been unable to provide affinity to the employees. Thus, the need to make the employees more enthusiastic about their work generates the need to engage them in the workplace (Cook, 2008). One of the best ways to engage the employees is to challenge them and keep them involved in something that is worthwhile. For many years, it was believed that a sense of urgency was the only way to keep the employees engaged but it was later found out that it could only help in achieving a momentarily engagement. The organisations then realized that they need a better reason and way to engage the employees. Thus, they have recently come up with something new. The present day organisations are trying their best to keep the employees engaged by altruism. The organisations have started to shift their focus from numbers to individuals and have started making them realize that they need to perform to achieve some human needs rather than the fulfilment of organisational greed. The feeling that performing better will help in the fulfilment of ones own needs helps in motivating the employees and engaging them to a very good extent as there is always a natural affinity in people for success, for winning and for achieving excellence (Industryweek.com, 2016). Involvement another strategy that can help in increasing employee engagement is involvement. It has been found that people have a natural tendency to support what they have created. Therefore, by giving the workers an opportunity to be involved in important matters of the organisation given them a feeling of belongingness. When they are involved in important matters of the organisation, they get a feeling of pride, ownership and a deep sense of fulfilment of needs, which helps in motivating them and fostering a creative environment. Sometimes, companies can engage their employees up to a great extent only by allowing them to form teams and chose their team members or leaders on their own. It might seem to be too simple to engage employees but it is true. A number of human behaviour experts have recognized belongingness as an important need that can help in motivating the employees. Thus, if the management is able to provide involvement opportunities to the employees and make them feel that they matter to the organisation, they can easily increase the level of engagement that the employees have in the organisation (Industryweek.com, 2016). Empowering The Employees a management can never discover the potential of its employee unless it stops to micromanage them and starts to empower them. The management should empower the employees to take important decisions, which would allow them to build their confidence and strengthen their self-trust. Empowering might sound easy to be done but it requires a lot of efforts on the part of a leader to step back and let the employees take some charge. The leaders of the organisation should be confident enough to step back, allow their followers to try something new and pick them up even if they fail in doing so. When the employees will be empowered in such a way that would allow them to explore endless possibilities, they would definitely become more engaged (Forbes.com, n.d.). Share Your Success To Build Momentum if a company likes to keep secrets and wants its leaders to enjoy all the success alone, it can become really difficult to motivate the employees and keep them engaged. The leaders of the organisation should always share their success with the employees, who have had a key role in achieving it. Sharing the overall success with the employees gives them a feeling that they are an important part of the accomplishments and gives them a sign of trust that helps in creating employee engagement (Forbes.com, n.d.). Performance Management one of the best ways to ensure continuous and long term employee engagement is by implementing a performance management system in the organisation. A performance management system allows the organisation to foster a workplace environment where the main stress is laid upon the performance shown by the employees. It includes assessing, reviewing and sharing the performance of all the employees and appreciating them in case of good performance or finding out ways to train them for performing even better. Performance management systems are always attached with some types of incentives or awards that are aimed at keeping the employees motivated and oriented towards performing better than their peers. Such an environment makes the workplace challenging for the employees and they show greater levels of engagement (Garber, 2007). 7 CS Of Employee Engagement Following are the seven essential elements that can help leaders in engaging employees hands, hearts and heads: Connect The leaders of the organisations should be able to make the employees feel that they are of a great value to the company. It has been found that even though compensation, benefits and incentives play an important role in motivating and keeping the employees engaged, a fractured relation between the manager and an employee can cause a lot of damage to the employees engagement. Career Another efficient way of engaging the employees is by providing them with challenging and meaningful work with opportunities for career development. Effective leaders have the capability of challenging the employees and at the same time making them feel confident about the challenge given to them. Such leaders can easily keep the employees engaged (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Clarity Another important requirement to keep the employees engaged is to have a clear vision set in their minds. The employees desire a complete and clear vision of what the organisation wants them to achieve. Success in the business world and employee engagement is only possible when the vision and mission of the organisation are clearly defined in the mind of the whole workforce. Convey another efficient way to keep the employees engaged is by conveying the expectations of the organisation to the employees and providing them a feedback about their performances. It requires the leaders to carefully examine his followers and work on them to achieve little improvement day by day. Contribute human resource management is largely dependent on the needs of the employees that derives their performance and motivation levels. One such need of the employees is to know that in what ways their inputs are helping the organisation in achieving what it wants to achieve. If the managers are able to provide them a review of the contribution that they have made towards the overall performance of the organisation, they can easily ensure greater employee engagement in the organisation (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Control another need of the employees is to have the ability to control the flow and pace of their jobs, which can be created by the leaders to ensure greater engagement. The leaders should be aware about the needs of the employees and it should be possible for the employees to approach their leaders and ask for their help if they are facing some problem in their work life or personal life. Such an environment can help in creating job engagement in the organisation as it will form a give and take relation. Collaboration studies have also shown that employees working in teams that have trust and cooperation amongst its members are able to outperform those teams which lack trust and cooperation. Leaders of the organisation can ensure employee engagement and higher productivity by building an environment where there is trust and cooperation amongst the employees. It provides the employees with the opportunity to demonstrate their leadership qualities and be a part of something bigger than them (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Conclusion From the above information, it is clear that it has become very important for multinational companies to keep their employees engaged if they want to retain them and attract talented pool of employees in the future. Employee engagement is not just beneficial for the employers but is equally important for the employees as it helps them to perform better and develop their careers. On the other hand, for the employers, employee engagement can help in bringing down absenteeism turnover rates while it helps in increasing the productivity, creativity and overall performance of the company. From the view point of the business organisations, keeping the employees engaged might be a difficult task but the benefits of having a workforce of engaged employees makes the efforts worth it. The strategies discussed above are few of the many strategies that companies are using these days to keep their employees engaged. Irrespective of the size of a company i.e. small, medium or large, all companies can make use of the strategies mentioned above and can easily ensure high employee engagement at the workplace. Therefore, all companies and organisational leaders should try their best to ensure employee engagement at the workplace. References Explorance.com. (2016). 6 Ways You Can Benefit From Employee Engagement. [online] Available at: https://explorance.com/6-ways-you-can-benefit-from-employee-engagement-2/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Chandani, A., Mehta, M., Mall, A. and Khokhar, V. (2016). Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee Engagement. 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